Tag: M.W=100-200

Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Spontaneous resolution among chiral glycerol derivatives: crystallization features of ortho-alkoxysubstituted phenyl glycerol ethers. Author is Bredikhin, Alexander A.; Bredikhina, Zemfira A.; Zakharychev, Dmitry V.; Konoshenko, Larisa V..

Five chiral arylglycerol ethers 2-R-C6H4-O-CH2CH(OH)CH2OH (R = OMe, OEt, OPrn, OPri, OBut) have been prepared in racemic and enantiopure form. The m.ps. and enthalpies of fusion of every species were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Binary phase diagrams were reconstructed for the whole family, the entropies of the mixing of the enantiomers in the liquid state, and Gibbs free energy of formation of the racemic compound, as well as Pettersson i-values were derived from the thermal data. The differences in the phase behavior of the investigated compounds were associated with the conformations of the alkoxy fragments.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Toxicology called The selective neurotoxicity produced by 3-chloropropanediol in the rat is not a result of energy deprivation, Author is Skamarauskas, J.; Carter, W.; Fowler, M.; Madjd, A.; Lister, T.; Mavroudis, G.; Ray, D. E., which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2, Computed Properties of C3H7ClO2.

The biochem. mechanism of toxicity of the exptl. astrocyte neurotoxicant and food contaminant S-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-CPD) has been proposed to be via inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We have confirmed this action in liver, which shows inhibition to 6.0±0.7% control at the neuropathic dose of 140 mg/kg. However, GAPDH activity in brain only fell to a min. of 54±24% control, and the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate (the downstream products of GAPDH), showed no pre-neuropathic decreases in 3-CPD susceptible brain tissue. There was no inhibition of GAPDH activity in primary astrocyte cultures at sub-cytotoxic exposures. We therefore sought alternative mechanisms to explain its toxicity to astrocytes. We were able to show that 3-CPD is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase and also that, after bioactivation by alc. dehydrogenase, it generates an irreversible inhibitor of glutathione reductase. In addition, incubation of brain slices from the 3-CPD-vulnerable inferior colliculus produces a depletion of glutathione and an inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase that is not seen in equivalent slices taken from the 3-CPD-resistant occipital neocortex. A smaller but significant and similarly regionally selective decrease in glutathione content is also seen in vivo. We conclude that 3-CPD does not produce its astrocytic toxicity via energy deprivation, and suggest that selective bioactivation and consequent disruption of redox state is a more likely mechanism.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Wei, Xiao-Feng; Xie, Xiao-Wei; Shimizu, Yohei; Kanai, Motomu published an article about the compound: Mesitylcopper(I)( cas:75732-01-3,SMILESS:[Cu]C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C ).Computed Properties of C9H11Cu. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:75732-01-3) through the article.

A copper(I)-catalyzed enantioselective addition of enynes to ketones was developed. The method allows facile construction of enantiomerically enriched tertiary alcs. using skipped enynes as stable hydrocarbon pronucleophiles. The combination of a soft copper(I)-conjugated Bronsted base catalyst with a chiral diphosphine ligand, (S,S)-Ph-BPE, enabled chemoselective deprotonation of the skipped enynes in the presence of ketones bearing intrinsically more acidic α-protons. The catalytically generated chiral allylcopper species enantio-, diastereo-, regio-, and chemoselectively reacted with ketones, thereby demonstrating excellent substrate generality with functional group tolerance. The skipped enyne moieties of the pronucleophiles were exclusively converted to cis-conjugated enynes, which will eventually allow for further versatile transformations.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Safety of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about The male antifertility activity of 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose. Author is Jones, A. R.; Dobbie, M. S..

6-Chloro-6-deoxy[U-14C]glucose is not metabolized by mature boar spermatozoa nor has it any specific inhibitory action on their metabolic activity in vitro. The compound is metabolized by the male rat and the identification of 2 urinary metabolites as α-chlorohydrin and 3-chlorolactate confirmed that (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde is produced by this species in vivo. A tissue distribution study revealed that radioactivity from 6-chloro-6-deoxy[U-14C]glucose was more concentrated in rat caudal spermatozoa than in any other of the major tissues.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 60827-45-4, is researched, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2Journal, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry called Application of cyclic sulfates in the synthesis of enantiomers of 1-[3-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one, Author is Kulig, Katarzyna; Boba, Agnieszka; Bielejewska, Anna; Gorska, Magdalena; Malawska, Barbara, the main research direction is chlorodihydroxypropane thionyl chloride cyclic sulfate cyclization ring opening condensation; arylpiperazinyl hydroxypropylpyrrolidinone preparation.Related Products of 60827-45-4.

The synthesis of enantiomers of 1-[3-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives, i.e. I, is described. These enantiomers were synthesized starting from (R)- or (S)-1-chloro-2,3-dihydroxypropane using relevant cyclic sulfates as chiral intermediates. The enantiomeric purities of the final compounds were in the range of 99.3-100.0%, as determined by high performance liquid chromatog. The final compounds were found to display moderate potency as ligands for α1-adrenoreceptors.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Inorganic Chemistry called Synthesis and Structures of Group 11 Metal Triazenide Complexes: Ligand Supported Metallophilic Interactions, Author is Johnson, Andrew L.; Willcocks, Alexander M.; Richards, Stephen P., which mentions a compound: 75732-01-3, SMILESS is [Cu]C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C, Molecular C9H11Cu, Computed Properties of C9H11Cu.

A homologous and homoleptic series of stable Group 11 metal triazenide complexes with the general formula [M(L’)]n (M = Cu or Au, n = 2; M = Ag, n = 3) featuring the bulky triazenide ligand N,N’-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)triazene, L’H, have been prepared by the reaction of Li[L’] with the metal chlorides, CuCl, AgCl, and [(THT)AuCl], resp., in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The compounds [Cu2(L’)2] and [Au2(L’)2] crystallized as dimers with M···M separations of 2.4458(4) Å and 2.6762(4) Å, resp. In comparison, the reaction of AgCl with Li[L’] results in the formation of the tri-silver complex [Ag3(L’)3] with Ag···Ag separations of 3.01184(17) Å, 2.95329(17) Å, and 2.92745(16) Å. Attempts to react the parent triazene system L’H with [Cu(mesityl)] resulted in the formation of the novel tri-copper system [Cu3(L’)2(mesityl)]. In all cases the mol. structures of the resultant complexes have been unambiguously determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Study on acute toxicity of R,S and (R,S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. Author is Qian, Guoqing; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Guozhou; Yin, Lihong; Liu, Li; Chen, Li; Ling, Xiao; Wang, Xia; Jiang, Songhui; Qu, Weidong.

The aim of the paper was to investigate the acute toxicity of R,S and (R,S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). Ten, seven and seven groups of sexually mature ICR mice were employed for testing the acute toxicity of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD, at the doses of 176.78 mg/kg, 198.43 mg/kg, 222.73 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 280.61 mg/kg, 314.98 mg/kg, 353.55 mg/kg, 396.84 mg/kg, 445.44 mg/kg, and 499.99 mg/kg for R-3-MCPD, 89.09 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 112.25 mg/kg, 125.99 mg/kg, 141.42 mg/kg, 158.74 mg/kg and 178.18 mg/kg for S-3-MCPD, and 130.25 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 172.75 mg/kg, 198.95 mg/kg, 229.13 mg/kg, 263.88 mg/kg and 303.91 mg/kg for (R,S)-3-MCPD, resp. The mice were given three forms of 3-MCPD once by gavage and observed for 14 days, the LD50 was calculated by the modified Karber’s method, and organ/body weight ratios were measured and morphol. changes of liver and kidney were examined Results showed that the LD50 (95% CI) of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD was 290.54 mg/kg (280.74-300.68), 117.57 mg/kg (113.82-121.45) and 190.73 mg/kg (177.76-204.59), resp. The kidney/weight ratios in R-3-MCPD treated groups were higher than controls at the doses of 250-353.55 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and the brain weight ratios also had an significant increase in the 353.55 mg/kg, 445.44 mg/kg and above doses (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes on organ/body weight ratio of any organs in S-3-MCPD treated groups were observed The kidney/body weight ratio in (R,S)-3-MCPD treated groups increased significantly at the doses of 198.95-303.91 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and the brain weight ratios also had a significant increase at the doses of 229.13-303.91 mg/kg. At the doses of 353.55-499.99mg/kg, R-3-MCPD caused obvious swell of liver cells and the swell and congestion of the liver sinus. At the dose 229.13 mg/kg and above, (R,S)-3-MCPD also induced the swell of liver cells and congestion of the liver sinus. No obvious morphol. change of kidney after administration of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD was observed In conclusion, the acute toxicity of S-3-MCPD might be much higher than those of (R,S)-3-MCPD and R-3-MCPD, and both R-3-MCPD and S-3-MCPD seemed to possess neurotoxicity. There is still a lot of research devoted to this compound(SMILES：OC[C@H](O)CCl)Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, and with the development of science, more effects of this compound(60827-45-4) can be discovered.

Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 75732-01-3, is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, about Heterometallic Fluoroalkoxides of Barium and Copper(I). Syntheses and Structures of [(Me3NO)2Ba2Cu4(TFTB)8] and [(THF)2Ba2Cu2(HFTB)6], the main research direction is crystal structure barium copper fluoroalkoxide complex; barium copper fluoroalkoxide complex preparation structure; alkoxide fluoro barium copper preparation structure.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks.

Reaction of HORF and in situ synthesized [Ba(ORF)2] (from Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 and HORF) with CuMes yields, in THF, [(THF)2Ba2Cu2(OCMe(CF3)2)6] (1). In the case of HORF = HOCMe2CF3, only upon addition of Me3NO is a soluble product obtained: [(Me3NO)2Ba2Cu4(OCMe2CF3)8] (2). 1 And 2 were characterized by x-ray crystallog. (1: triclinic, space group P1̅, R = 0.0557; 2: monoclinic, space group C2/c, R = 0.0643). 1 Has a square-planar Ba2Cu2O4 core structure with two addnl. alkoxides bridging the two bariums, giving the barium a tbp coordination environment. The structure of 2 is markedly different in that it has one more Cu-(OR) unit inserted into the Ba-(OR)-Ba unit. This gives the Ba2Cu4 core structure the shape of an octahedron and barium a square-pyramidal coordination environment. These structures are compared and contrasted with the structures of [Ba2Cu4(OCEt3)8], [(Et3PO)2Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8], and [(Me3NO)2Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8].

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Safety of Mesitylcopper(I). The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Copper(I) Complexes of a Heavily Fluorinated β-Diketiminate Ligand: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Intramolecular Aerobic Hydroxylation. Author is Laitar, David S.; Mathison, Casey J. N.; Davis, William M.; Sadighi, Joseph P..

The aza-Wittig reaction between Arf-N:PPh3 [Arf = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3] and 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione affords a new, highly fluorinated β-diketimine, 1. Metalation by mesitylcopper(I) in benzene gives rise to the Cu(I) β-diketiminate as its η2-benzene adduct, 2a. Cu(I) carbonyl complexes of 1, and of three less-fluorinated analogs, were generated in situ and compared by IR spectroscopy; the two backbone CF3 groups exert a stronger electronic influence than the four N-aryl CF3 groups. Dinuclear adduct 2b reacts readily with O2, leading to ortho-hydroxylation of a ligand N-Arf group.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ) is researched.Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4.Kwon, Mi-Ae; Kim, Geon-Joong published the article 《Synthesis of polymeric salen complexes and application in the enantioselective hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides as catalysts》 about this compound( cas:60827-45-4 ) in Catalysis Today. Keywords: polymeric chiral salen cobalt complex preparation epoxide resolution catalyst; terminal epoxide hydrolytic kinetic resolution chiral polymeric salen cobalt; epoxide enantioselective preparation; chiral diol enantioselective preparation. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:60827-45-4).

The polymeric (salen) Co(III) catalysts containing various counter anions have been synthesized, and the asym. catalytic activities of these newly synthesized polymer-type salen complexes were investigated in the HKR of terminal epoxides. The polymeric chiral salen Co(III) complexes catalyze the hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxyhexane and epoxystyrene with very high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The catalysts could be recovered and reused several times without further treatment after reaction, showing no loss of activity and enantioselectivity.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com