Tag: M.W=100-200

Becker, Heinrich; Sharpless, K. Barry published the article 《A new ligand class for the asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins》. Keywords: asym dihydroxylation olefin anthraquinone ligand; dihydroquinidinylanthraquinone preparation ligand asym dihydroxlation.They researched the compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ).Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:60827-45-4) here.

1,4-Bis(dihydroquinidinyl)- and 1,4-bis(dihydroquininyl)anthraquinone are new ligands which show superior enantioselectivity in the asym. dihydroxylation of almost all olefins having only aliphatic substituents.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Inhibitory effect of (s)-chlorohydrin on rat sperm motility and hyperactivation, published in 2012-09-30, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, Name is (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, Molecular C3H7ClO2, Synthetic Route of C3H7ClO2.

The effects of (S)-α-chlorohydrin (SACH) on rat epididymal sperm motility and hyperactivation and the mechanisms of the effects were studied. 20 Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups and dosed orally with 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10mg/kg BW SACH for 52 days. After the cauda epididymal sperm were incubated under a capacitating condition for 5h, sperm motility and hyperactivation parameters were obtained by computer-assisted sperm anal. (CASA), and sperm-specific glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDS) activity, ATP (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were assayed. The protecting effect of pentoxifylline (PTF) against SACH was also tested. The sperm from the SACH-treated rats showed significant decreases in curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), and amplitude of lateral head movement (ALH) (P<0.01 of all), and an increase in linearity (LIN) (P<0.01). The SACH-treated rats had much less sperm population with VCL≥400μm/s or LIN≤20% than that of the control (P<0.05 and P<0.01, resp.), indicating that SACH diminishes hyperactivation of rat sperm. GAPDS activities were inhibited by SACH, and decreasing trends of ATP and cAMP levels were observed PTF rescued the cAMP level which was depressed by SACH, and alleviated partly the inhibition of sperm motility and hyperactivation. SACH impairs the motility and hyperactivation of rat sperm, which might be related to inhibition of GAPDS by SACH and subsequent defects of ATP and cAMP. Compound(60827-45-4)Synthetic Route of C3H7ClO2 received a lot of attention, and I have introduced some compounds in other articles, similar to this compound((2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol), if you are interested, you can check out my other related articles.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《The antiglycolytic action of (S)-α-chlorohydrin on epididymal bovine spermatozoa in vitro》. Authors are Jones, A. R.; Du Toit, J. I..The article about the compound:(2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diolcas:60827-45-4,SMILESS:OC[C@H](O)CCl).Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:60827-45-4) is conveyed.

(S)-α-Chlorohydrin  [60827-45-4] interferes with glycolysis in bovine spermatozoa, whereas the (R)-isomer is ineffective. The action of the (S)-isomer, which involves inhibition of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase  [9001-50-7], is not immediate but is evident only after a brief period of incubation with the spermatozoa. This inhibitory action is prevented when glycerol  [56-81-5] is present, suggesting that the mechanism of action of (S)-α-chlorohydrin requires its oxidation to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [86747-03-7], which is the active metabolite. Addition of (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [84709-24-0] to bovine spermatozoa caused immediate inhibition of glycolysis. The action of (S)-α-chlorohydrin in bovine spermatozoa may be similar to that observed in the spermatozoa of other species in being a 2-stage process: 1st, its oxidation to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde, and then inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme by this metabolite.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I)( cas:75732-01-3 ) is researched.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks.Davies, Robert P.; Hornauer, Stefan; Hitchcock, Peter B. published the article 《Structural studies on a lithium organo-amidocuprate in the solid state and in solution》 about this compound( cas:75732-01-3 ) in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. Keywords: organo amidocuprate preparation structure solid state solution; dibenzylamido mesityl cuprate lithium complex preparation crystal mol structure. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:75732-01-3).

A lithium amidocuprate complex has been characterized in the solid state and shown to adopt a head-to-tail conformation. 2D NMR spectroscopic studies show the presence of several structural isomers in solution, including a head-to-head isomer, resulting from Schlenk equilibrium The presence of these isomers is postulated to have a significant influence on heterocuprate reactivity.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Related Products of 75732-01-3. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Preparation of thermally stable and soluble mesitylcopper(I) and its application in organic synthesis. Author is Tsuda, Tetsuo; Yazawa, Tetsuo; Watanabe, Katsuhiko; Fujii, Tomoyuki; Saegusa, Takeo.

Mesitylcopper(I) (I) was prepared and isolated by the reaction of mesitylmagnesium bromide and CuCl. I is a unique organocopper(I) compound, which is thermally stable up to 100° and is highly soluble in common organic solvents. I may be utilized in organic synthesis as an efficient metalation reagent and as a useful “”holding group”” in mixed lithium cuprate reagents. I metalated amine, alc. and mercaptan to produce Cu(I) amide, alkoxide and mercaptide, resp. I reacted with alkyllithium (RLi) to form a soluble mixed cuprate reagent II, which effected a selective conjugate addition of the R group to cyclohexenone and trans-2-hexenal. A reagent produced by the reaction of I and LiAlH4 effected the regioselective 1,4-reduction of cyclohexenone in a mixed solvent of THF and (Me2N)3PO.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Stevenson, D.; Jones, A. R. researched the compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ).Synthetic Route of C3H7ClO2.They published the article 《Production of (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde from (S)-α-chlorohydrin by boar spermatozoa and the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro》 about this compound( cas:60827-45-4 ) in Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Keywords: chlorolactaldehyde formation chlorohydrin sperm. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:60827-45-4).

The male antifertility agent (S)-α-chlorohydrin  [60827-45-4] was metabolized by mature boar spermatozoa in vitro to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [86747-03-7]. This oxidative process, which did not occur when (R)-α-chlorohydrin was offered as a substrate, was catalyzed by an NADP-dependent dehydrogenase that converts glycerol  [56-81-5] to glyceraldehyde. (S)-3-Chlorolactaldehyde, produced by this metabolic reaction or when added to suspensions of boar spermatozoa, was a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase  [9028-92-6] as assessed by the accumulation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate and the triose phosphates. When glycerol and (S)-α-chlorohydrin were added concomitantly to boar spermatozoa in vitro, the presence of glycerol decreased the degree of inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Extracts of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase that were obtained from boar spermatozoa incubated with (S)-α-chlorohydrin or (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [84709-24-0] showed significant reductions in their enzymic activity.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Soluble Zintl Phases A14ZnGe16 (A = K, Rb) Featuring [(η3-Ge4)Zn(η2-Ge4)]6- and [Ge4]4- Clusters and the Isolation of [(MesCu)2(η3,η3-Ge4)]4-: The Missing Link in the Solution Chemistry of Tetrahedral Group 14 Element Zintl Clusters, published in 2012-09-05, which mentions a compound: 75732-01-3, Name is Mesitylcopper(I), Molecular C9H11Cu, Application of 75732-01-3.

The number of Zintl phases containing polyhedral clusters of tetrel elements that are accessible for chem. reactions of the main-group element clusters is rather limited. The synthesis and structural characterization of two novel ternary intermetallic phases A14ZnGe16 (A = K, Rb) are presented, and their chem. reactivity was studied. The compounds can be rationalized as Zintl phases with 14 alkali metal cations A+ (A = K, Rb), two tetrahedral [Ge4]4- Zintl anions, and one anionic heterometallic [(Ge4)Zn(Ge4)]6- cluster per formula unit. The Zn-Ge cluster comprises two (Ge4) tetrahedra linked by a Zn atom, with one (Ge4) tetrahedron coordinating with a triangular face (η3) and the other one with an edge (η2). [(η3-Ge4)Zn(η2-Ge4)]6- is a new isomer of the [(Ge4)Zn(Ge4)]6- anion in Cs6ZnGe8. The phases dissolve in liquid NH3 and thus represent rare examples of soluble Zintl compounds with deltahedral units of Group 14 element atoms. Compounds with tetrahedral [E4]4- species were previously isolated from solution for E = Si, Sn, and Pb, and the current study provides the missing link for E = Ge. Reaction of an NH3 solution of K14ZnGe16 with MesCu (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) in the presence of [18]-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) yielded crystals of [K([18]-crown-6)]2K2[(MesCu)2Ge4](NH3)7.5 with the polyanion [(MesCu)2Ge4]4-. This MesCu-stabilized tetrahedral [Ge4]4- cluster also completes [(MesCu)2Si4-xGex]4- clusters, which were previously isolated from solution for x = 0 and 0.7, as the end member with x = 4. The electronic structures of [(Ge4)Zn(Ge4)]6- and [(MesCu)2Ge4]4- were studied in terms of a MO description and analyses of the electron localization functions. The results are compared with band structure calculations for the A14ZnGe16 phases (A = K, Rb).

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Catalytic behavior of wool-osmium tetroxide complex for asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins, published in 2004-04-30, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, mainly applied to asym dihydroxylation allylamine allyl chloride wool supported osmium tetroxide, Safety of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol.

A new chiral polymer-metal complex, wool-osmium tetroxide (wool-OsO4) complex was prepared by a very simple method. This complex was able to catalyze the asym. dihydroxylation of allylamine to (R)-(+)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol and allyl chloride to (S)-(+)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. The optical yields amounted to 83.7 and 57.2%, and the product yields were 80.2 and 68.5% resp. The exptl. results showed that OsO4 content in the complex, reaction time, allylamine/OsO4 molar ratio and solvent all have an effect on the product and optical yields. Addnl., wool-OsO4 complex catalyst could be reused without any remarkable change in optical catalytic activity.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

HPLC of Formula: 60827-45-4. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Study on synthesis and properties of chloride-[1-ethyl-3-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)]imidazole ionic liquid. Author is Li, Yongmin; Yang, Jianguo; Lin, Caiping.

A method for the synthesis of the title compound is reported here. A chiral imidazole ionic liquid was prepared from 1-ethylimidazole and (2S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. The resulting chiral ionic liquid was characterized by NMR. Its elec. conductivity in different solvents was determined The result shows that the ionic liquid can be dissolved in acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, water, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) but not in Et acetate. The elec. conductivity of the ionic liquid is also measured at different temperatures and concentrations, and the result shows that the elec. conductivity value increases along with concentration and temperature, and the value of elec. conductivity K is different in different solvents. Its order is as follow: K(acetonitrile)=K(water)>K(DMF)>K(acetone)>K.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Related Products of 4553-62-2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Methylglutaronitrile, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, CAS is 4553-62-2, about Inhalation toxicity of methylglutaronitrile in rats. Author is Kelly, D. P.; Frame, S. R.; Malley, L. A.; Everds, N. E.; Kennedy, G. L. Jr..

Methylglutaronitrile (MGN) is a high-boiling (263°) solvent/intermediate used in the fiber industry. Twenty male rats per group were exposed nose-only to condensation aerosol/vapor concentrations of approx. either 5, 25, or 200 mg/m3 MGN for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk over a 4-wk period. Ten rats/group were sacrificed 1 day after the final exposure and the remaining rats after a 4-wk recovery period. No effects were observed in clin. observations during the exposure period, but body-weight depression was observed in the 200-mg/m3 group. The 200-mg/m3 group showed minimal decreases in red blood cell count, Hb, and hematocrit values accompanied by increases in reticulocytes. There were no other effects observed in clin. or pathol. evaluations in the study. A neurobehavioral battery of tests (including grip strength, functional observational battery, and motor activity tests) given at the end of the exposure and recovery periods showed no MGN effects. During the 4-wk recovery, body weights in the 200-mg/m3 group returned to normal and the hematol. findings in all the groups were normal. Based on the above findings of body weight depression at 200 mg/m3, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for this study was considered to be 25 mg/m3.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com