Tag: M.W=100-200

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Methylglutaronitrile, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, CAS is 4553-62-2, about Chemoenzymic Production of Lactams from Aliphatic α,ω-Dinitriles.Recommanded Product: 4553-62-2.

Five- and six-membered ring lactams have been prepared by first converting an aliphatic α,ω-dinitrile to an ω-cyano carboxylic acid ammonium salt, using a microbial cell catalyst having an aliphatic nitrilase activity (Acidovorax facilis 72W, ATCC 55746) or a combination of nitrile hydratase and amidase activities (Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D, ATCC 55744). The ω-cyano carboxylic acid ammonium salt was then directly converted to the lactam by hydrogenation in aqueous solution, without isolation of the intermediate ω-cyano carboxylic acid or ω-amino carboxylic acid. Only one of two possible lactam products was produced from α-alkyl-substituted α,ω-dinitriles, where the nitrilase of A. facilis 72W regioselectively hydrolyzed only the ω-cyano group to produce a single cyano carboxylic acid ammonium salt in greater than 98% yield.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ) is researched.HPLC of Formula: 60827-45-4.Lee, Yae Won; Yang, Hee Chun; Kim, Geon-Joong published the article 《Synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched arenesulfonic acid 2-hydroxy esters via kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides》 about this compound( cas:60827-45-4 ) in Kongop Hwahak. Keywords: arenesulfonic acid hydroxy ester synthesis highly enantiomerically kinetic resolution. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:60827-45-4).

This paper describes the very efficient and highly enantioselective ring opening of terminal epoxides with alkyl and arene sulfonic acid. The dinuclear chiral (salen) Co complexes bearing Lewis acids of Al, Ga and In catalyze the reaction enantioselectively in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride using tert-Bu Me ether as a solvent. The variation of the anion of the tetra Bu ammonium salt has significant impact on the reactivity and selectivity of the asym. ring opening of Ph glycidyl ether with p-toluenesulfonic acid. The order of reactivity and selectivity was found to be Cl- > l- > Br- > OH-. Strong synergistic effects of the different Lewis acid centers of Co-Al, Co-Ga and Co-In complexes were observed in the catalytic process. The dinuclear chiral salen catalyst containing AlCl3 was found to be most active and highly enantioselective (91% ee).

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 4553-62-2, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, about New solvent for aromatics separation, the main research direction is aromatics extraction reformates; extraction aromatics reformates; reformates aromatics extraction; cyanobutanes aromatics extraction; catalytic reformates aromatics; extractive distillation aromatics; distillation extractive aromatics.Recommanded Product: 2-Methylglutaronitrile.

1,3-Dicyanobutane (derived from acrylonitrile) has a higher capacity for light aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid-liquid extraction than does sulfolane. As a solvent in extractive distillation its low volatility, high thermal stability, low f.p. and high selectivity are useful. Equilibrium data and multistage extractions of a typical light catalytic reformate are reported. A light counter-solvent is effective, especially when followed by extractive distillation A combination of methods gives high purity aromatics or improved octane gasoline. A flow diagram is given for continuous cyclic operation to sep. reformate and recover the solvent.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Computed Properties of C9H11Cu. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Insertion of formaldehyde into a copper-carbon bond. Author is Leoni, Piero; Pasquali, Marco.

Upon mixing equimolar amounts of mesitylcopper(I), CuAr, (Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) and polymeric formaldehyde in THF in the presence of PPh3 the formaldehyde quickly dissolves. Gas-chromatog. anal. of the products after hydrolytic workup reveals the presence of mesityl alc., ArCH2OH (60% yield), the expected product of direct insertion of formaldehyde into a mesityl-copper bond. When the reaction is carried on for several days, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl formate and Me formate are the main products.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Spontaneous Resolution of Chiral 3-(2,3-Dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol under the Circumstances of an Unusual Diversity of Racemic Crystalline Modifications, published in 2017-08-02, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, Name is (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, Molecular C3H7ClO2, Name: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol.

Depending on the conditions of crystallization from solutions, racemic 3-(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol 1 forms 3 relatively stable crystalline modifications. Each of the crystalline forms, namely, 2 polymorphic racemic compounds and a racemic conglomerate, was characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Two more metastable racemic compounds crystallized from the racemic melt were found by DSC method. Addnl. thermochem. studies allowed to plot the dependence of the free Gibbs energy on temperature for all the phases found. With the help of slurrying experiments, the nature of the transitions between solid phases was specified. Even a slight predominance of 1 of the enantiomers in almost racemic 1 samples ensures the crystallization of the conglomerate. The revealed features of rac-1 crystallization were taken into account during the realization of its resolution into individual enantiomers by the entrainment procedure.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Theory of chain-end activated degradation of heterodisperse polymers, published in 1957, which mentions a compound: 4553-62-2, mainly applied to , Electric Literature of C6H8N2.

The theory treated steady-state degradation. Previous data on the initial degradation rates of poly-(methyl methacrylate) as a function of DPn (mean chain length) were fitted to asymptotic solutions for high and low DPn, but diverged largely from the solution for intermediate regions. Because of the simplicity of the solution for exponentially distributed polymer, a small random scission component, superposed on chain-end activated zipping, was treated with ample accuracy to fit published data for DPn decay during degradation of polystyrene. The data were not sufficiently accurate to distinguish between random splitting, weak-link scission, or scission following chain transfer to polymer. The rate curves on low-mol.-weight polystyrene at high temperature by Madorsky (C.A. 46, 10813h) were fitted to the improved theory, assuming termination by disproportionation. The data of Grassie and Kerr (C.A. 46, 7857f; 51, 12611d) for high-mol.-weight polystyrene at low temperature was fitted, assuming 1st-order radical termination.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Chemoenzymatic production of 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone, published in 2001-01-22, which mentions a compound: 4553-62-2, Name is 2-Methylglutaronitrile, Molecular C6H8N2, Computed Properties of C6H8N2.

A chemoenzymic process for the preparation of 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone (1,5-DMPD) from 2-methylglutaronitrile (MGN) has been demonstrated. MGN was first hydrolyzed to 4-cyanopentanoic acid (4-CPA) ammonium salt using the nitrilase activity of immobilized Acidovorax facilis 72W cells. The hydrolysis reaction produced 4-CPA ammonium salt with greater than 98% regioselectivity at 100% conversion, and at concentrations of 170-210 g 4-CPA/l. Catalyst productivities of at least 1000 g 4-CPA/g dry cell weight (dcw) of immobilized cells were achieved by recycling the immobilized-cell catalyst in consecutive stirred-batch reactions. After recovery of the immobilized cell catalyst for reuse, the 4-CPA ammonium salt in the aqueous product mixture was directly converted to 1,5-DMPD by low-pressure catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of added methylamine.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Structural Snapshots of a Flexible Cu2P2 Core that Accommodates the Oxidation States CuICuI, Cu1.5Cu1.5, and CuIICuII, the main research direction is copper phosphido dinuclear preparation structure electrochem oxidation luminescence; crystal structure copper dinuclear phosphinophenylphosphido complex.COA of Formula: C9H11Cu.

The phosphido-bridged dicopper(I) complex {(PPP)Cu}2 was synthesized and structurally characterized ([PPP]- = bis(2-diisopropylphosphinophenyl)phosphide). Cyclic voltammetry of {(PPP)Cu}2 in THF shows fully reversible oxidations at -1.02 V (Cu1.5Cu1.5/CuICuI) and -0.423 V (CuIICuII/Cu1.5Cu1.5). Chem. oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by one electron yields the class III mixed-valence species [{(PPP)Cu}2]+ (EPR, UV-visible). Structural data establish an unexpectedly large change (0.538 Å) in the Cu···Cu distance upon oxidation state. Oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by two electrons yields the dication [{(PPP)Cu}2]2+, an antiferromagnetically coupled dicopper(II) complex. Maintenance of a pseudotetrahedral geometry that is midway between a square plane and an ideal tetrahedron at the copper centers, along with a high degree of flexibility at the phosphide hinges, allows for efficient access to CuICuI, Cu1.5Cu1.5, and CuIICuII redox states without the need for ligand exchange, substitution, or redistribution processes.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 60827-45-4, is researched, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2Journal, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry called Solid state properties and effective resolution procedure for guaifenesin, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, Author is Bredikhina, Zemfira A.; Novikova, Victorina G.; Zakharychev, Dmitry V.; Bredikhin, Alexander A., the main research direction is guaifenesin enantiomer resolution.Application In Synthesis of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol.

Racemic expectorant guaifenesin, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol (2) undergoes spontaneous resolution upon crystallization This fact is confirmed by thermal anal. (single eutectic V-shape binary melting phase diagram, adequate entropy and free energy characteristics). Racemic 2 could be effectively resolved into (S)- and (R)-2 by a preferential crystallization procedure. Single enantiomer drugs levomoprolol and levotensin were obtained by starting from enantiomeric 2 through the sulfite route.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Reference of 2-Methylglutaronitrile. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Methylglutaronitrile, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, CAS is 4553-62-2, about Optimization of an immobilized-cell biocatalyst for production of 4-cyanopentanoic acid.

Optimization of microbial cell immobilization, catalyst specific activity, and volumetric productivity were required for scale-up of the nitrilase-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2-methylglutaronitrile to 4-cyanopentanoic acid, an intermediate in the preparation of 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone. As an alternative to the immobilization of Acidovorax facilis 72W cells in carrageenan, immobilization in alginate, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and polyethylenimine, produced a catalyst which was stable in reaction mixtures containing high concentrations of 4-cyanopentanoic acid ammonium salt. Immobilization in alginate produced catalysts with a higher nitrilase specific activity than was achieved in carrageenan, and volumetric productivity of 4-cyanopentanoic acid was increased from 19 to 49 g/L-h. Substituting alginate for carrageenan also eliminated 1 process step in the immobilization. A further increase in volumetric productivity to 79 g/L-h was achieved by using an immobilized Escherichia coli transformant which expresses A. facilis 72W nitrilase.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com