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In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Products of the reaction between copper(I) phenoxide and triphenylphosphine, published in 1997-01-15, which mentions a compound: 75732-01-3, Name is Mesitylcopper(I), Molecular C9H11Cu, Recommanded Product: 75732-01-3.

Two phenolatocopper(I) derivatives, [Cu4(PPh3)4(OPh)4] (1) and [Cu2(PPh3)3(OPh)2] (2), were prepared by the addition of triphenylphosphine to copper(I) phenoxide, obtained from mesitylcopper(I) and phenol. Characterization by crystal structure determination showed 1 to be a tetramer with a cubane-type Cu4O4 core in which Cu-O distances range from 2.05(2)-2.26(2) Å. 2 Is a μ2-phenoxide dimer in which one copper(I) center is four-coordinated by two phenoxide and two triphenylphosphine ligands, while the other is coordinated by a single triphenylphosphine ligand and thus three-coordinated. Complex 1 crystallizes as the solvate [Cu4(PPh3)4(OPh)4]·(PhMe)2 in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a 14.822(7), b 23.160(4), c 28.193(6) Å, β 98.64(2)° at -90° and Z = 4; full-matrix least-squares refinement yielded R = 0.082 for 529 parameters and 3931 observed reflections. [Cu2(PPh3)3(OPh)2] (2) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̅ with a 13.948(4), b 16.846(2), c 12.480(3) Å, α 94.92(2), β 110.45(2), γ 95.96(2)° at -120° and Z = 2; full-matrix least-squares refinement yielded R = 0.063 for 328 parameters and 2507 observed reflections. The effect of increasing the PPh3:CuOPh ratio on the stability of the phenoxide is discussed in terms of the coordination geometry and consequent accessibility of the metal to small mols.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Safety of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about A new practical synthesis of ethyl (R)-(-)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyrate from (S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. Author is Jiang, Chengjun; Hong, Huabin.

A practical chem. synthesis of (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyrate was accomplished starting from (S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, which is the main byproduct originating from (S,S)-salen Co(III)-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epichlorohydrin. The new synthetic approach demonstrated an efficient utilization of organic byproduct for the asym. synthesis of the intermediate of atorvastatin.

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Safety of Mesitylcopper(I). Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Bis(2-phenylethyl)-nacnac: A Chiral Diketiminate Ligand and Its Copper Complexes. Author is Oguadinma, Paul O.; Schaper, Frank.

The chiral diketiminate ligand bis-N,N’-(2-phenylethyl)-2,4-diiminopentane, 1H, was synthesized in good yields in a 1-step reaction from chiral amine and acetylacetone. Reaction of 1Li(THF) with N-bromosuccinimide yielded the succinimide-substituted ligand 2H. Cu complexes were obtained by reaction of the ligand with a basic Cu source in the presence of coordinating Lewis bases, and 1Cu(NCMe), 1Cu(DMAP), 1Cu(PPh3), 1Cu(2,6-xylyl isonitrile), 2Cu(PPh3), and 2Cu(2,6-xylyl isonitrile) were prepared and, for the most part, characterized by x-ray diffraction studies. Compared to their more common analogs with aromatic substituents on N, 1 and 2 seem to be more basic (1 > 2) and sterically more demanding (2 > 1). Their Cu complexes are less stable than those of aryl-substituted diketiminates and tend to decompose by disproportionation, most probably after dissociation of the coordinated Lewis base. Despite the rotational freedom around the N-R* bond, the complexes are sterically rigid, a necessary requirement for potential applications in enantioselective catalysis.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Recommanded Product: Mesitylcopper(I). The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Cu24O24Si8R8: Organic Soluble 56-Membered Copper(I) Siloxane Cage and Its Use in Homogeneous Catalysis. Author is Tan, Gengwen; Yang, Ying; Chu, Chenhui; Zhu, Hongping; Roesky, Herbert W..

An organic-soluble 56-membered copper(I) siloxane cage compound Cu24O24Si8R8 {R = [2,6-(Me2CH)2C6H3](Me3Si)N}(I) is prepared and structurally characterized; I is a catalyst for Ullmann-Goldberg coupling reactions of imidazole, pyrazole, and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole with bromobenzene, 4-bromotoluene, mesityl bromide, and 2-bromothiophene to give heteroaryl-substituted arenes in 22-93% yields. The structure of I·3.2Me(CH2)4Me is determined by X-ray crystallog.; I forms a copper silica-supported structure, in which the copper ions are two-coordinate and covalently anchored onto the cage surface and with weak copper···copper d10-d10 interactions within the cage. I is a potential analog of species generated from heterogeneous catalysts during reactions.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 60827-45-4, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, about The selective neurotoxicity produced by 3-chloropropanediol in the rat is not a result of energy deprivation, the main research direction is neurotoxicity chloropropanediol glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase.Electric Literature of C3H7ClO2.

The biochem. mechanism of toxicity of the exptl. astrocyte neurotoxicant and food contaminant S-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-CPD) has been proposed to be via inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We have confirmed this action in liver, which shows inhibition to 6.0±0.7% control at the neuropathic dose of 140 mg/kg. However, GAPDH activity in brain only fell to a min. of 54±24% control, and the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate (the downstream products of GAPDH), showed no pre-neuropathic decreases in 3-CPD susceptible brain tissue. There was no inhibition of GAPDH activity in primary astrocyte cultures at sub-cytotoxic exposures. We therefore sought alternative mechanisms to explain its toxicity to astrocytes. We were able to show that 3-CPD is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase and also that, after bioactivation by alc. dehydrogenase, it generates an irreversible inhibitor of glutathione reductase. In addition, incubation of brain slices from the 3-CPD-vulnerable inferior colliculus produces a depletion of glutathione and an inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase that is not seen in equivalent slices taken from the 3-CPD-resistant occipital neocortex. A smaller but significant and similarly regionally selective decrease in glutathione content is also seen in vivo. We conclude that 3-CPD does not produce its astrocytic toxicity via energy deprivation, and suggest that selective bioactivation and consequent disruption of redox state is a more likely mechanism.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Isolation of a bacterium assimilating (R)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and production of (S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol using microbial resolution, the main research direction is Alcaligenes chloropropanediol metabolism resolution.Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4.

A bacterium capable of assimilating 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol was isolated from soil by enrichment culture. The strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. by taxonomic studies. The crude extracts of the cells had dehalogenating activities and converted various halohydrins to the corresponding epoxides. 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol was degraded stereospecifically by the strain, liberating Cl-. The residual isomer was found by use of this strain in 38% yield, and (S)-glycidol (99.4% enantiomeric excess) was subsequently synthesized from the obtained (S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol by alk. treatment.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 60827-45-4, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, about Optical isomers of chloropropanols: Mechanisms of their formation and decomposition in foods, the main research direction is protein hydrolyzate chloropropanol enantiomer.Recommanded Product: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol.

Protein hydrolyzates produced by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis were analyzed for 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and its enantiomers. It was found that (R)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and (S)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol were present in the hydrolyzates in equimolar concentrations Model system experiments with glycerol, triolein and soy lecithin heated with hydrochloric acid in solution showed that these materials were precursors of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and yielded racemic mixtures of its enantiomers. Yields of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diols decreased in the order triolein > lecithin > glycerol. Mechanisms of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol enantiomer formation during the production of protein hydrolyzates are presented and discussed as well as reaction pathways of their decomposition in alk. media via the corresponding (R)- and (S)-hydroxymethyloxiranes. In alk. media both 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol enantiomers decomposed at the same rate.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Qi, Xuan; Feng, Ya-qing; Ni, Jing published an article about the compound: 2-Methylglutaronitrile( cas:4553-62-2,SMILESS:N#CC(C)CCC#N ).Product Details of 4553-62-2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:4553-62-2) through the article.

A review. The production methods and application of 3-picoline were described. The production methods included gas-solid phase catalysis reactions of acrolein and ammonia; ethanol, methanal and ammonia; ethanol, methanal and ammonia; ethanol or paraldehyde, methanal and urotropine; acrolein and propanol; triallylamine; 2 methylglutaronitrile and gas-liquid phase catalysis reaction. The method using 2-methylglutaronitrile as raw material was introduced in detail.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Category: iodides-buliding-blocks. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Novel S1P1 Receptor Agonists – Part 1: From Pyrazoles to Thiophenes. Author is Bolli, Martin H.; Muller, Claus; Mathys, Boris; Abele, Stefan; Birker, Magdalena; Bravo, Roberto; Bur, Daniel; Hess, Patrick; Kohl, Christopher; Lehmann, David; Nayler, Oliver; Rey, Markus; Meyer, Solange; Scherz, Michael; Schmidt, Gunther; Steiner, Beat; Treiber, Alexander; Velker, Jorg; Weller, Thomas.

From a high-throughput screening campaign aiming at the identification of novel S1P1 receptor agonists, the pyrazole (E)-3-Phenyl-1-((3bS,4aR)-3,4,4-trimethyl-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one emerged as a hit structure. Medicinal chem. efforts focused not only on improving the potency of the compound but in particular also on resolving its inherent instability issue. This led to the discovery of novel bicyclo3.1.0|-hexane fused thiophene derivatives Compounds with high affinity and selectivity for S1P1 efficiently reducing the blood lymphocyte count in the rat were identified. For instance, 3-{2-Ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-propionic acid showed EC50 values of 7 and 2880 nM on S1P1 and S1P3, resp., had favorable pharmacokinetic properties in rat and dog, distributed well into brain tissue, and efficiently and dose dependently reduced the blood lymphocyte count in the rat. After oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats, the S1P1 selective 3-{2-Ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-propionic acid showed no effect on mean arterial blood pressure and affected the heart rate during the wake phase of the animals only.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Formula: C9H11Cu. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Main-Group-Metal and Transition-Metal Complexes Containing Fluorinated β-Diketiminate Ligands. Author is Huse, Kevin; Woelper, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan.

The synthesis of fluorinated β-diketimine LH (1) (L = HC[C(CF3)NC6F5]2) and its reactions with main-group-metal and transition-metal complexes, yielding LAlMe2 (4), LZnEt (5), LCu(C6D6) (6) and LCuCO (7), is reported. 1-7 Were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F), elemental anal. and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The C6F5 substituents strongly reduce the π-back-bonding capacity of the β-diketiminate ligand as was shown for 7 by IR spectroscopy.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com