Tag: M.W=100-200

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Nitrite-mediated synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin using halohydrin dehalogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, published in 2012-06-30, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, mainly applied to halohydrin dehalogenase chiral epichlorohydrin synthesis nitrite mediated, Reference of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol.

In the current study, the haloalc. dehalogenase HheC gene from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatog., HheC was used in the synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin in the presence of NO2-. The optimal pH, temperature, and NO2- concentration for enantioselectivity are 5.0, 37°C, and 60 mM, resp. The maximum velocity and Michaelis constant values for (S)-epichlorohydrin are 714.3 μmol min-1 mg-1 and 17.2 mM, resp., whereas those for (R)-epichlorohydrin are 166.8 μmol min-1 mg-1 and 29.0 mM, resp. Under optimal conditions, (R)-epichlorohydrin with 99% enantiomeric excess was obtained after an 18 Min reaction; the yield reached 41%, which is the highest amount obtained for chiral epichlorohydrin synthesis using haloalc. dehalogenase. In addition, (R)-epichlorohydrin with 99% enantiomeric excess was successfully obtained from 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol by the ring opening of racemic epichlorohydrin in the presence of NO2- after the ring closure of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol with HheC. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first report on the kinetic resolution of epichlorohydrin with NO2- and synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin with 99% enantiomeric excess from 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol by combining ring closure of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and ring opening of racemic epichlorohydrin.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Electric Literature of C9H11Cu. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: Mesitylcopper(I), is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, CAS is 75732-01-3, about Structural diversity of calcium organocuprates(I): Synthesis of mesityl cuprates via addition and transmetalation reactions of mesityl copper(I). Author is Krieck, Sven; Goerls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias.

The addition of [(L)4Ca(I)Mes] (Lewis base L = thf, Et2O) to mesityl copper(I) and the transmetalation reaction of mesityl copper(I) with activated calcium are suitable pathways for the synthesis of dimesityl cuprates(I) of calcium. However, the structures of the calcium cuprates(I) depend on the preparative procedure. The transmetalation reaction leads to the formation of [Mes-Cu-Mes]- anions whereas the addition yields dinuclear [(Mes-Cu)2(μ-Mes)]- anions. The solvent-separated counterions are [Ca(thf)6]2+ and [(thf)5CaI]+, resp. In contrast to these findings, the addition of [(L)4Ca(I)Mes] to mesityl copper(I) in an Et2O/toluene mixture led to formation of tetrameric solvent-free iodocalcium dimesityl cuprate(I) [ICa(μ-η1,η6-Mes2Cu)]4, representing a rare example of a heavy Normant-type organocuprate.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Tsuda, Tetsuo; Yazawa, Tetsuo; Watanabe, Katsuhiko; Fujii, Tomoyuki; Saegusa, Takeo published the article 《Preparation of thermally stable and soluble mesitylcopper(I) and its application in organic synthesis》. Keywords: mesitylcopper; copper mesityl; lithium alkyl cuprate reagent; amide copper; alkoxide copper; mercaptide copper.They researched the compound: Mesitylcopper(I)( cas:75732-01-3 ).Application of 75732-01-3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:75732-01-3) here.

Mesitylcopper(I) (I) was prepared and isolated by the reaction of mesitylmagnesium bromide and CuCl. I is a unique organocopper(I) compound, which is thermally stable up to 100° and is highly soluble in common organic solvents. I may be utilized in organic synthesis as an efficient metalation reagent and as a useful “”holding group”” in mixed lithium cuprate reagents. I metalated amine, alc. and mercaptan to produce Cu(I) amide, alkoxide and mercaptide, resp. I reacted with alkyllithium (RLi) to form a soluble mixed cuprate reagent II, which effected a selective conjugate addition of the R group to cyclohexenone and trans-2-hexenal. A reagent produced by the reaction of I and LiAlH4 effected the regioselective 1,4-reduction of cyclohexenone in a mixed solvent of THF and (Me2N)3PO.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Copper(I) arenethiolates with intramolecular coordination and the formation of mixed organo(arenethiolato)copper(I) aggregates. X-ray structures of trimeric [Cu(SC6H4NMe2-2)]3, nonameric [Cu(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)]9, and hexanuclear [Cu3(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)2(CCtBu)]2, published in 1996-07-31, which mentions a compound: 75732-01-3, Name is Mesitylcopper(I), Molecular C9H11Cu, Category: iodides-buliding-blocks.

Two new Cu(I) arenethiolates with ortho chelating N donor atoms [Cu(SC6H4NMe2-2)]3 (5) and [Cu(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)]9 (6) were synthesized by reacting Me3SiSAr (Ar = C6H4NMe2-2 or 1-C10H6NMe2-8) with Cu(I) chloride in a 1:1 molar ratio. Cu(I) arenethiolate 5 is a white to pale yellow solid and is trimeric in the solid state as well as in solution Crystals of [Cu(SC6H4NMe2-2)]3 (5), C24H30Cu3N3S3, are trigonal, space group R3, with a = b 18.2325(7), c 6.8410(4) Å, Z = 3, and final R = 0.028 for 1010 reflections with I ≥ 2.5σ(I) and 107 variables. Cu(I) arenethiolate 6 forms dark red crystals and is nonameric in the solid state as well as in solution Crystals of {[Cu(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)]9}2{C6H6}10.5 (6), C279H279Cu18N18S18, are triclinic, space group P1̅, with a 16.081(2), b 26.650(4), c 32.747(6) Å, α 67.320(13), β 76.180(12), γ 81.226(12)°, Z = 2, and final R = 0.118 for 28749 reflections and 1501 variables. Reaction of nonameric 6 with (3,3-dimethylbutynyl)copper gave the 2:1 mixed dimeric hexanuclear organo(arenethiolato)copper aggregate [Cu3(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)2(CCtBu)]2 (9), C60H66Cu6N4S4, which was isolated as an air-stable orange solid which is insoluble in most common organic solvents. Crystals of 9 are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a 11.9839(5), b 12.9391(8), c 18.9482(7) Å, β 108.326(3)°, Z = 2, and final R = 0.0314 for 5110 reflections with I ≥ 2.5σ(I) and 358 variables. Reaction of 6 with mesitylcopper, [Cu5(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)5], gave the 1:1 mixed organo(arenethiolato)copper aggregate [Cu2(S-1-C10H6NMe2-8)(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)]n (10), which is a yellowish-brown, slightly air-sensitive solid that is soluble in polar and aromatic hydrocarbons. The new mixed aggregates 9 and 10 are thermodynamically and kinetically very stable, and the overall structure of mixed organo(arenethiolato)copper aggregates such as 9 is insensitive to structural changes in the arenethiolate ligand.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Theory of chain-end activated degradation of heterodisperse polymers》. Authors are Gordon, Manfred.The article about the compound:2-Methylglutaronitrilecas:4553-62-2,SMILESS:N#CC(C)CCC#N).Computed Properties of C6H8N2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:4553-62-2) is conveyed.

The theory treated steady-state degradation. Previous data on the initial degradation rates of poly-(methyl methacrylate) as a function of DPn (mean chain length) were fitted to asymptotic solutions for high and low DPn, but diverged largely from the solution for intermediate regions. Because of the simplicity of the solution for exponentially distributed polymer, a small random scission component, superposed on chain-end activated zipping, was treated with ample accuracy to fit published data for DPn decay during degradation of polystyrene. The data were not sufficiently accurate to distinguish between random splitting, weak-link scission, or scission following chain transfer to polymer. The rate curves on low-mol.-weight polystyrene at high temperature by Madorsky (C.A. 46, 10813h) were fitted to the improved theory, assuming termination by disproportionation. The data of Grassie and Kerr (C.A. 46, 7857f; 51, 12611d) for high-mol.-weight polystyrene at low temperature was fitted, assuming 1st-order radical termination.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 75732-01-3, is researched, Molecular C9H11Cu, about Probing the charging mechanisms of carbon nanomaterial polyelectrolytes, the main research direction is probing charging mechanism carbon nanomaterial polyelectrolyte; single walled carbon nanotube nanocarbon polyelectrolyte metal salt.COA of Formula: C9H11Cu.

Chem. charging of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphenes to generate soluble salts shows great promise as a processing route for electronic applications, but raises fundamental questions. The reduction potentials of highly-charged nanocarbon polyelectrolyte ions were investigated by considering their chem. reactivity towards metal salts/complexes in forming metal nanoparticles. The redox activity, degree of functionalisation and charge utilization were quantified via the relative metal nanoparticle content, established using thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and XPS. The fundamental relationship between the intrinsic nanocarbon electronic d. of states and Coulombic effects during charging is highlighted as an important area for future research.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 75732-01-3, is researched, SMILESS is [Cu]C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C, Molecular C9H11CuJournal, Chemistry of Materials called Lewis Base Adducts of Barium/Copper tert-Butoxides: Synthesis and Thermolysis of [BaCu2(OtBu)4]n and [L2Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8] (L = Me3NO and Et3PO). X-ray Crystal Structure of [(Me3NO)2Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8], Author is Borup, Bjoern; Folting, Kirsten; Caulton, Kenneth G., the main research direction is crystal structure barium copper butanolato adduct; barium copper butoxide preparation structure thermolysis; methylamine oxide barium copper butoxide preparation; phosphine oxide barium copper butoxide thermolysis; thermolysis barium copper butoxide complex adduct.Reference of Mesitylcopper(I).

Reaction of copper(I) mesityl with [Ba(OtBu)2(t-BuOH)2]4 yields insoluble [BaCu2(OtBu)4]n, which dissolves by adduct formation (L = Me3NO or Et3PO) to form soluble L2Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8. For L = Me3NO, this mol. is shown by x-ray diffraction to have a structure based on a trans-Ba2Cu4 octahedron, with all Ba/Cu edges bridged by μ2-OtBu units; one L binds to each Ba (monoclinic, space group P21/c, R = 0.0822). Bulk thermolysis, TGA, and product anal. revealed that OtBu units undergo not only O/C cleavage but also C/C cleavage, the latter to form carbonate and nonvolatile hydrocarbon products, in addition to BaO and CuO. The intended oxidant Me3NO shows no great tendency to oxidize Cu(I).

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent triarylborane polymers, published in 2005, which mentions a compound: 75732-01-3, mainly applied to polydibromoborylstyrene organocopper organotin aryl transfer agent triarylborane polymer, Safety of Mesitylcopper(I).

Organotin and organocopper compounds were applied as highly aryl-transfer reagents in the post-polymerization modification of poly(4-dibromoborylstyrene). The following aryl-transfer agents were studied: 2-thienyltrimethyltin, mesitylcopper, and 5-hexyl-5′-trimethylstannyl-2,2′-bithiophene. Depending on the introduced aryl moiety, the resulting boron-modified polystyrenes may reversibly bind to external electron donor species and hence may act as fluorescent sensors.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Cuihua Xuebao called Reaction kinetics of hydrolytic resolution of epichlorohydrin catalyzed by chiral salen metal complex, Author is Liu, Tao; Ruan, Wenjuan; Zhang, Yuling; Zhu, Zhi’ang; Chen, Rongti, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2, SDS of cas: 60827-45-4.

The reaction kinetics of hydrolytic resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin to chiral 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and optically active epichlorohydrin, catalyzed by chiral salen metal complexes, was studied by using gas chromatog. The effects of temperature, catalyst type and catalyst concentration on the reaction rate were explored.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Pike, Sebastian D.; White, Edward R.; Regoutz, Anna; Sammy, Nicholas; Payne, David J.; Williams, Charlotte K.; Shaffer, Milo S. P. published an article about the compound: Mesitylcopper(I)( cas:75732-01-3,SMILESS:[Cu]C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C ).SDS of cas: 75732-01-3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:75732-01-3) through the article.

Exceptionally small and well-defined copper (Cu) and cuprite (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by the reaction of mesitylcopper(I) with either H2 or air, resp. In the presence of substoichiometric quantities of ligands, namely, stearic or di(octyl)phosphinic acid (0.1-0.2 equiv vs. Cu), ultrasmall nanoparticles are prepared with diameters as low as ∼2 nm, soluble in a range of solvents. The solutions of Cu NPs undergo quant. oxidation, on exposure to air, to form Cu2O NPs. The Cu2O NPs can be reduced back to Cu(0) NPs using accessible temperatures and low pressures of hydrogen (135 °C, 3 bar H2). This striking reversible redox cycling of the discrete, solubilized Cu/Cu(I) colloids was successfully repeated over 10 cycles, representing 19 sep. reactions. The ligands influence the evolution of both composition and size of the nanoparticles, during synthesis and redox cycling, as explored in detail using vacuum-transfer aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, XPS, and visible spectroscopy.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com