Tag: 400-500

Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films of low-bandgap polymers was written by Braunger, Maria L.;Assuncao da Silva, Edilene;Awada, Hussein;de Oliveira, Vinicius J. R.;Silva, Hugo Santos;Begue, Didier;Hiorns, Roger C.;Lartigau-Dagron, Christine;Olivati, Clarissa de Almeida. And the article was included in Polymer International in 2018.Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

Low-bandgap conjugated polymers have provided a considerable increase in organic photovoltaic efficiencies, however, an understanding of class-specific nanostructures, necessary to further improve device qualities, remains scarce. Their self-assembly and associated electronic behaviors in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are used here to provide relationships specific to each polymer, clarifying their structure-property characteristics. The behavior of two low-bandgap polymers based on cyclopentadithiophene (PCPDTBT) and dithienosilole (Si-PCPDTBT) units in the Langmuir trough were investigated and it is shown that it is possible to fabricate nanostructured films of low-bandgap polymers on solid substrates with the LB deposition technique. The polymers were mixed with amphiphilic mols. at well-defined concentrations to improve the formation of the LB films. The polymers were also deposited by drop-casting and LB techniques onto interdigitated electrodes to evaluate their elec. properties, and the LB films were characterized for their optical and morphol. properties. It was found that both LB and drop-cast films of PCPDTBT showed higher elec. conductivities than those of Si-PCPDTBT. Importantly, LB films resulted in higher elec. conductivities – by an order of magnitude – compared to their equivalent mixtures with stearic acid in drop-cast films, although drop-cast films without stearic acid gave higher conductivities. This fine-tuning of the mol. architectures of the films is thus demonstrated to directly affect the phys. properties and may lead to an improvement in device efficiencies in future applications. © 2018 Society of Chem. Industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Electrochemistry and Near-infrared Electrochromism of Electropolymerized Polydithiophenes with β, β^‘-Positions Bridged by Carbonyl or Dicarbonyl Substitute was written by Liu, Wei;Gu, Chuantao;Wang, Jiuxing;Sun, Mingliang;Yang, Renqiang. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2014.Electric Literature of C9H4I2OS2 This article mentions the following:

The β, β’-positions carbonyl or dicarbonyl bridged dithiophenes were prepared and electrochem. polymerized into corresponding polymers, polycyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophen-4-one (PCDK) or polybenzo[1,2-b:6,5-b’]dithiophene-4,5-dione (PCD2K), in B trifluoride di-Et etherate based electrolyte. Potentiostatic and potentiodynamic methods confirmed that the PCDK and PCD2K films can be successfully electrodeposited in high quality with comparable intermol. spacings at âˆ?.1 Å-3.2 Å. The mass changes and ion transport of the two polymers during redox processes were studied by electrochem. quartz crystal microbalance and in situ spectroelectrochem. methods, to study the formation of the two polymers. In situ UV-visible spectroscopy evidenced the PCDK and PCD2K evolved into polarons in the near IR region under applied potentials. Electrochromic behaviors showed that the PCDK film appeared reddish brown in neutral state and cyan or green in oxidized state while the PCD2K showed green to dark green from neutral to oxidized states. Potential switching between oxidized and neutral states of the two films revealed that maxima transmittance changes were 38.23% and 36.64% for the PCDK and PCD2K. Thermal degradation of the two polymers showed their robust stability that allows for the application in a wide temperature scale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Electric Literature of C9H4I2OS2).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Generally organic iodides can be divided into two classes of alkyl iodides and aryl iodides. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Electric Literature of C9H4I2OS2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Simple-structure small molecular acceptors based on a benzodithiophenedione core: synthesis, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties was written by Zhu, Mengbing;Yu, Xiankang;Huang, Jingwei;Xia, Hao;Zhu, Jianing;Peng, Wenhong;Tan, Hua;Zhu, Weiguo. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2 This article mentions the following:

It is crucial to develop high-efficiency simple-structure small mol. acceptors (SMAs) having a shortened synthetic route and lower cost. Herein, two simple SMAs, BDDTTIC and BDDTTIC-4F, with the A-D-A-D-A architecture were primarily synthesized via a simple three-step route in high yields, based on the central acceptor (A′) unit of benzodithiophenedione (BDD), the spacing donor (D) unit of thienothiophene (TT) and the terminal acceptor (A) unit of dicyanomethylene indanone (IC) or its fluorinated analog (IC-4F). The influence of the mol. structure on the photophys., electrochem. and photovoltaic properties was primarily studied. The results show that the fluorine-free BDDTTIC exhibits better solubility and higher LUMO energy levels (-3.81 eV) than the fluorinated BDDTTIC-4F. Moreover, the PM6:BDDTTIC based OSCs show better photovoltaic properties than the PM6:BDDTTIC-4F based OSCs by optimizing the polymer donor material, donor/acceptor ratio and 1-chloronaphthalene additive ratio. An increasing power conversion efficiency of 5.62% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.95 V was obtained in the optimal PM6:BDDTTIC-based device, which is almost two times higher than that of the optimal PM6:BDDTTIC-4F-based device. This work provides a potential direction to further construct high-efficiency BDD-based SMAs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Synthesis and Characterization of Bridged Bithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Acceptor Strength and Ternary Blends was written by Chen, Chiu-Hsiang;Hsieh, Chao-Hsiang;Dubosc, Martin;Cheng, Yen-Ju;Hsu, Chain-Shu. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2010.Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

Six of three-component donor-acceptor random copolymers P1-P6, symbolized as (thiophene donor)_m-(thiophene acceptor)_n, were rationally designed and successfully synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling. The 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene (CPDT) unit serves as the donor for P1-P4, while the benzothiadiazole (BT), quinoxaline (QU), dithienoquinoxaline, and thienopyrazine (TP) units are used as the acceptor for P1, P2, P3, and P4, resp. P5 and P6 are structurally analogous to P1 and P2 except for using the dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole (DTS) unit as the donor. Because the band gap lowering ability of the acceptor units in the polymer is in the order TP > BT > QU presumably due to the quinoid form population in the polymers, the optical band gaps can be well adjusted to be 1.2, 1.6, and 1.8 eV for P4, P1, and P2, resp. It is found that the two bridged bithiophene units, CPDT and DTS, have similar steric and electronic effects on the P1 and P5 as well as P2 and P6, resp., leading to comparable intrinsic properties and device performances. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC₇₁BM/Ca/Al configuration were fabricated and characterized. Although P4 exhibits the lowest optical band gap, broadest absorption spectrum, and highest mobility, the too low-lying LUMO level hinders the efficient exciton dissociation, resulting in a low PCE of 0.7%. Compared with poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT), random copolymer P1 shows more blue-shifted, broader absorption spectrum, comparable mobility, and a higher PCE of 2.0%. In view of the fact that P1 shows a higher band gap with strong absorption in visible region, while PCPDTBT has a lower band gap to mainly absorb NIR light, a BHJ device with the active layer containing ternary blend of PCPDTBT/P1/PC₇₁BM was investigated and achieved an enhanced PCE of 2.5%, which outperforms the devices based on the binary blending systems of PCPDTBT/PC₇₁BM (PCE = 1.4%) or P1/PC₇₁BM (PCE = 2.0%) under the identical conditions. Such an improvement is ascribed to the complementary absorption and compatible structure of P1 and PCPDTBT polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Construction of peptide macrocycles via palladium-catalyzed multiple S-arylation: An effective strategy to expand the structural diversity of cross-linkers was written by Chu, Xin;Shen, Linhua;Li, Bo;Yang, Peng;Du, Chengzhuo;Wang, Xiaoye;He, Gang;Messaoudi, Samir;Chen, Gong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

A simple and versatile method for macrocyclizing unprotected native peptides with a wide range of easily accessible diiodo and triiodoarene reagents via the palladium-catalyzed multiple S-arylation of cysteine residues is developed. Iodoarenes with different arene and heteroarene cores can be incorporated into peptide macrocycles of varied ring sizes and amino acid compositions with high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I.Quality Control of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Fabrication of alternating copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide with reduced optical band gap: synthesis, optical, electrochemical, thermal, and structural properties was written by Murad, Ary R.;Iraqi, Ahmed;Aziz, Shujahadeen B.;Abdullah, Sozan N.;Brza, Mohamad A.;Saeed, Salah R.;Abdulwahid, Rebar T.. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A series of alternating copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) flanked by thienyl moieties as electron-donor units and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units were designed and synthesized for solar cell applications. Different solubilizing side chains, including 2-ethylhexyl chains and n-octyl chains were attached to CPDT units, whereas 3,7-dimethyloctyl chains and n-octyl chains were anchored to the BTDI moieties. The impact of these substituents on the solubilities, mol. weights, optical and electrochem. properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO was synthesized via Suzuki polymerization, whereas PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO, and PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, 8 were prepared through direct arylation polymerization PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO has the highest number average mol. weight (M_n = 17,400 g mol-1) among all polymers prepared The PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO and PCPDTDTBTDI-8, 8 which have n-octyl substituents on their CPDT units have comparable optical band gaps (E_g �1.3 eV), which are around 0.1 eV lower than PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO analogs that have 2-ethylhexyl substituents on their CPDT units. The polymers have their HOMO levels between -5.10 and -5.22 eV with PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO having the deepest HOMO (HOMO) energy level. The LUMO (LUMO) levels of the polymers are between -3.4 and -3.5 eV. All polymers exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures surpassing 350 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have the amorphous nature in solid state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Category: iodides-buliding-blocks).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Substituent Effect on the Optoelectronic Properties of Alternating Fluorene-Cyclopentadithiophene Copolymers was written by Pal, Bikash;Yen, Wei-Che;Yang, Jye-Shane;Chao, Chi-Yang;Hung, Ying-Chieh;Lin, Shiang-Tai;Chuang, Chia-Hao;Chen, Chun-Wei;Su, Wei-Fang. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2008.COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2 This article mentions the following:

A novel series of soluble alternating conjugated copolymers, comprised of 9,9-dihexylfluorene and cyclopentadithiophenes (P1-P5), were synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction in good yields. The UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yields, and cyclic voltammograms of P1-P5 are also reported. The P2 and P3 with electron-donating non-π-substituents (ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy bridges the 3,3-positions of the thiophene groups) display high fluorescence quantum yields and red-shifted absorption as compared with nonsubstituted P1. However, the P4 and P5 are weakly fluorescent and exhibit blue-shifted absorption which are due to the presence of electron-withdrawing π-substituents (carbonyl and dicyanoethenyl). The behavior of P4 and P5 can be attributed to the significant electronic coupling between the π-substituents and the conjugated polymer backbone that leads to a less allowed optical transition between the ground and the lowest excited state, resembling the meta conjugation effect in phenylene-derived conjugated π-systems. This argument is supported by MO distribution calculations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.COA of Formula: C9H4I2OS2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com