Manenti, Marco’s team published research in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Formula: C7H5IO2 Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.

In 2022,Manenti, Marco; Gusmini, Simone; Lo Presti, Leonardo; Silvani, Alessandra published an article in European Journal of Organic Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Exploiting Enantiopure β-Amino Boronic Acids in Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions》.Formula: C7H5IO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Various isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions prove to be highly reliable when β-substituted β-amino boronic esters are employed as the amine component, allowing the efficient synthesis of unprecedented peptidomimetics and heteroatom-rich boron-containing small mols. In particular, the scope of the Ugi reaction is widely exploited, to give a family of enantiopure β-substituted β-amido boronates. The Ugi-azide and the van Leusen reactions allow to joint together prominent pharmacophoric moieties, such as β-amino boronic acids on one side, and tetrazole or imidazole rings on the other side, realizing a successful application of the mol. hybridization concept. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Formula: C7H5IO2)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Formula: C7H5IO2 Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Koothradan, Fathima Febin’s team published research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles.Reference of 2-Iodobenzoic acid

Koothradan, Fathima Febin; Suresh Babu, Anusree; Pushpakaran, Krishnendu P.; Jayarani, Arumugam; Sivasankar, Chinnappan published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《Carboxylic Acid Functionalization Using Sulfoxonium Ylides as a Carbene Source》, and you may find the article in Journal of Organic Chemistry.Reference of 2-Iodobenzoic acid The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Functionalization of carboxylic acids using sulfoxonium ylides in the presence of [VO(acac)2] as a catalyst was reported. The usual carbene source, diazo compounds, failed to produce α-carbonyloxy esters I [R1 = Ph, 4-ClC6H4, 2-furyl, etc.; R2 = Me, Et, i-Pr, Bn; R3 = H, 2-Cl, 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 2-Br, 2-I] in good yield when compared to sulfoxonium ylides. Various standard spectroscopic and anal. techniques were used to characterize the products formed. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Reference of 2-Iodobenzoic acid)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles.Reference of 2-Iodobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Guo, Zhonglin’s team published research in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides.Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine.

Guo, Zhonglin; Zhou, Pan; Song, Hongjian; Liu, Yuxiu; Zhang, Jingjing; Li, Yongqiang; Wang, Qingmin published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivities of Phthalide and Coumarin Derivatives Based on the Biosynthesis and Structure Simplification of Gossypol》, and you may find the article in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Because gossypol and hemigossypol show antiviral activity but are structurally complex, we designed and synthesized a series of structurally simpler phthalide and coumarin derivatives The phthalide derivatives were synthesized by opening the naphthalene ring of hemigossypol, and the coumarin derivatives were synthesized by ring-opening reactions of the phthalide derivatives with the goal of investigating the effect of the lactone ring size on bioactivity. The bioassay results showed that the two series of target compounds possessed moderate to good activities against tobacco mosaic virus, One of the compounds showed in vivo inactivation, curative, and protection activities of 50 ± 1, 53 ± 3, and 48 ± 2% at 500 mg/L, values which are higher than those of gossypol (32 ± 1, 35 ± 1, 29 ± 1%, resp.) and comparable to those of hemigossypol (55 ± 1, 49 ± 1, and 48 ± 1%, resp.) and the com. antiviral agent ningnanmycin (56 ± 2, 54 ± 1, 58 ± 1%) at the same dose. Thus, this compound is a promising candidate for the development of new anti-plant-virus agents. In addition, most of the synthesized compounds showed broad-spectrum activity when tested against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi and showed selectivity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Physalospora piricola, and Rhizoctonia cerealis. Moreover, some of the compounds exhibited activity against Plutella xylostella larvae; the two most active compounds exhibited larvicidal activities (LC50) of 4.10 and 5.47 mg/L, resp. Further studies showed that these compounds also exhibited insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Pyrausta nubilalis larvae. In addition to this study using 2-Iodobenzoic acid, there are many other studies that have used 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid) was used in this study.

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides.Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Tessier, Romain’s team published research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Application In Synthesis of 2-Iodobenzoic acid Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles.

《Ethynylation of Cysteine Residues: From Peptides to Proteins in Vitro and in Living Cells》 was written by Tessier, Romain; Nandi, Raj Kumar; Dwyer, Brendan G.; Abegg, Daniel; Sornay, Charlotte; Ceballos, Javier; Erb, Stephane; Cianferani, Sarah; Wagner, Alain; Chaubet, Guilhem; Adibekian, Alexander; Waser, Jerome. Application In Synthesis of 2-Iodobenzoic acid And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Current approaches to introduce terminal alkynes for bioorthogonal reactions into biomols. still present limitations in terms of either reactivity, selectivity, or adduct stability. The authors present a method for the ethynylation of cysteine residues based on the use of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents. The acetylene group is directly introduced onto the thiol group of cysteine and can be used for copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) without further processing. Labeling proceeded with reaction rates comparable to or higher than the most often used iodoacetamide on peptides or maleimide on the antibody trastuzumab, and high cysteine selectivity was observed The reagents were also used in living cells for cysteine proteomic profiling and displayed improved coverage of the cysteinome compared to previously reported iodoacetamide or hypervalent iodine reagents. Fine-tuning of the EBX reagents allows optimization of their reactivity and phys. properties. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Application In Synthesis of 2-Iodobenzoic acid)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Application In Synthesis of 2-Iodobenzoic acid Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Castoldi, Laura’s team published research in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid

《Electrophilic Vinylation of Thiols under Mild and Transition Metal-Free Conditions》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020. These research results belong to Castoldi, Laura; Di Tommaso, Ester Maria; Reitti, Marcus; Graefen, Barbara; Olofsson, Berit. Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid The article mentions the following:

The iodine(III) reagents vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) were employed to vinylate a series of aliphatic and aromatic thiols, providing E-alkenyl sulfides with complete chemo- and regioselectivity, as well as excellent stereoselectivity [e.g., PhSH + VBX I → II (87%, >20:1 E/Z) + PhSSPh (7%) in THF solvent using tBuOK as base]. The methodol. displays high functional group tolerance and proceeds under mild and transition metal-free conditions without the need for excess substrate or reagents. Mercaptothiazoles could be vinylated under modified conditions, resulting in opposite stereoselectivity compared to previous reactions with vinyliodonium salts. Novel VBX reagents with substituted benziodoxolone cores were prepared, and improved reactivity was discovered with a dimethyl-substituted core. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Name: 2-Iodobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Hari, Durga Prasad’s team published research in Organic Process Research & Development in 2020 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Product Details of 88-67-5

《One-Pot Synthesis of 1-[(Triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (TIPS-EBX): Process Safety Assessment and Impact of Impurities on Product Stability》 was published in Organic Process Research & Development in 2020. These research results belong to Hari, Durga Prasad; Caramenti, Paola; Schouwey, Lionel; Chang, Miyeon; Nicolai, Stefano; Bachert, Donald; Wright, Timothy; Orella, Chuck; Waser, Jerome. Product Details of 88-67-5 The article mentions the following:

The hypervalent iodine reagent I, 1-[(TriIsoPropylSilyl)Ethynyl]-1,2-BenziodoXol-3(1H)-one (TIPS-EBX) is among the most useful electrophilic and somophilic alkynylation reagents. Herein, we report a new synthetic protocol to access this reagent in one step from standard com. available reagents. Thermal anal. of the synthesis procedure showed only weak exotherms. The compound could be obtained with high purity and stability using this new protocol, but care had to be taken to remove tosylate salts impurities, as they led to a lower thermal stability. TIPS-EBX synthesized using the new procedure displayed no shock sensitivity. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Product Details of 88-67-5)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Product Details of 88-67-5

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Ispizua-Rodriguez, Xanath’s team published research in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2021 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the Simmons–Smith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Recommanded Product: 2-Iodobenzoic acid

《Direct Synthesis of Tri-/Difluoromethyl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids by Cross-Coupling with Acyloxyphosphonium Ions》 was written by Ispizua-Rodriguez, Xanath; Munoz, Socrates B.; Krishnamurti, Vinayak; Mathew, Thomas; Prakash, G. K. S.. Recommanded Product: 2-Iodobenzoic acidThis research focused ontrifluoromethyl ketone preparation chemoselective; carboxylic acid trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane cross coupling reaction; difluoromethyl ketone preparation chemoselective; dimethylpropyleneurea zinc difluoromethyl carboxylic acid cross coupling reaction; TMSCF3; acyloxyphosphonium; carboxylic acids; copper; difluoromethyl ketones; trifluoromethyl ketones. The article conveys some information:

A simple and straightforward approach to the synthesis of trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl ketones RC(O)CF3 [R = naphth-2-yl, benzyl, (Z)-cycloundecen-2-yl, etc.] and RC(O)CF2H from widely available carboxylic acids RC(O)OH is disclosed. The transformation utilizes an acyloxyphosphonium ion as the active electrophile, conveniently generated in situ from the carboxylic acid substrate by using commodity chems. The utility of the reaction system is exemplified by its chemoselectivity, with tolerance to a variety of important functional groups. The late-stage functionalization of carboxylic acid active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceutically relevant compounds is also discussed. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Recommanded Product: 2-Iodobenzoic acid)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the Simmons–Smith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Recommanded Product: 2-Iodobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Thakare, Milind S.’s team published research in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 2022 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine.Product Details of 88-67-5 In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.

In 2022,Thakare, Milind S.; Pawar, Nilesh S.; Adole, Vishnu A.; Patil, Dipak B.; Patil, Vikas published an article in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Reactive sensing of gold (III) by coumarin tethered fluorescent probe through alkyne activation》.Product Details of 88-67-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A novel strategy, involving anchoring and un-anchoring of coumarin based fluorophore, has been established for the selective detection of Au3+ species. Selective sensing of Gold (Au3+) was triggered due to alkynophilicity of gold ions to create lateral fluorescence of a latent fluorophore. The 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 2-(2-phenylethynyl) benzoate (CEB) probe was synthesized by reacting 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin with iodo-benzoic acid. CEB probe has an absorption at 300 nm and 335 nm which decreases gradually and new absorption appeared at 406 nm due to Au3+ promoted ester hydrolysis selectively over other metal ions with great sensitivity, which accompanies a turn on fluorescence change produced by 7-hydroxy coumarin. The principle behind this sensing strategy is activation of triple bond induced uniquely by Au+3 ions leading to cascade and delivers active fluorophore. The sensing mechanism was proposed and supported by 1H NMR, MS and TD-DFT experiments The d. functional theory (DFT) and time dependent d. functional theory (TD-DFT) theor. results of the CEB-probe and Au3+ reaction is in good agreement with the exptl. results. Addnl., probe could be well incorporated onto the test strips for effective detection of Au3+.2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Product Details of 88-67-5) was used in this study.

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine.Product Details of 88-67-5 In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Thakare, Milind S.’s team published research in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 2022 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine.Product Details of 88-67-5 In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.

In 2022,Thakare, Milind S.; Pawar, Nilesh S.; Adole, Vishnu A.; Patil, Dipak B.; Patil, Vikas published an article in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Reactive sensing of gold (III) by coumarin tethered fluorescent probe through alkyne activation》.Product Details of 88-67-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A novel strategy, involving anchoring and un-anchoring of coumarin based fluorophore, has been established for the selective detection of Au3+ species. Selective sensing of Gold (Au3+) was triggered due to alkynophilicity of gold ions to create lateral fluorescence of a latent fluorophore. The 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 2-(2-phenylethynyl) benzoate (CEB) probe was synthesized by reacting 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin with iodo-benzoic acid. CEB probe has an absorption at 300 nm and 335 nm which decreases gradually and new absorption appeared at 406 nm due to Au3+ promoted ester hydrolysis selectively over other metal ions with great sensitivity, which accompanies a turn on fluorescence change produced by 7-hydroxy coumarin. The principle behind this sensing strategy is activation of triple bond induced uniquely by Au+3 ions leading to cascade and delivers active fluorophore. The sensing mechanism was proposed and supported by 1H NMR, MS and TD-DFT experiments The d. functional theory (DFT) and time dependent d. functional theory (TD-DFT) theor. results of the CEB-probe and Au3+ reaction is in good agreement with the exptl. results. Addnl., probe could be well incorporated onto the test strips for effective detection of Au3+.2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Product Details of 88-67-5) was used in this study.

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Organic iodides are used in veterinary products (Organic Iodide Powder) as a nutritional source of iodine.Product Details of 88-67-5 In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Kumar, L. Jyothish’s team published research in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society in 2019 | CAS: 88-67-5

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Generally organic iodides can be divided into two classes of alkyl iodides and aryl iodides. Category: iodides-buliding-blocks Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics.

Category: iodides-buliding-blocksIn 2019 ,《Synthesis and exploration of in-silico and in-vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of N-(3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-6-yl)arylamides》 appeared in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. The author of the article were Kumar, L. Jyothish; Suresh, Y.; Rajasekaran, R.; Reddy, S. Rajeswara; Vijayakumar, V.. The article conveys some information:

Nitro function of 1-(2-methyl-6-nitro-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone was converted into amine by grinding it with zinc dust and ammonium chloride which in turn successfully converted into the N-(3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-6-yl)arylamides I [R = H, 3-F, 2-O2N, etc.] by treating it with benzoic acids using coupling reagents such as EDC, HATU and DCC. The compounds I were found to afford excellent yields with HATU, moderate in EDC and very less in DCC and hence HATU was considered as a suitable coupling reagent. All the synthesized compounds I were evaluated for their in-silico and in-vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity using acarbose as standard to treat type II diabetes and all compounds showed pos. results by in-silico and in-vitro α-amylase inhibition assay. Among the tested compounds, compounds I [R = 2-I, 2-O2N] in α-glucosidase as well as in α-amylase were found to have least binding energy value and form more stable ligand-receptor complex. In addition, the compounds I [R = 2-I, 2-O2N] exhibited 56.90 ± 0.77% and 59.46 ± 0.61% of the higher potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values 171.75 ± 3.95 μmol/mL and 171.67 ± 1.57 μmol/mL significantly (p < 0.05) compared to remaining seven test samples. And similarly, the compound I [R = 2-I, 2-O2N] possessed α-amylase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL (55.42 ± 0.42% and 55.42 ± 1.14%) with IC50 values 138.92 ± 4.44 μmol/mL and 158.78 ± 2.34 μmol/mL. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5Category: iodides-buliding-blocks)

2-Iodobenzoic acid(cas: 88-67-5) belongs to organic iodides. Generally organic iodides can be divided into two classes of alkyl iodides and aryl iodides. Category: iodides-buliding-blocks Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics.

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com