Category: 624-75-9

These common heterocyclic compound, 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, its traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. 624-75-9

The compound obtained in Example 21 (4.6 g, 15.35 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10.6 g, 76.73 mmol) were added to acetone (100 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours by heating. To this reaction mixture was dropwise added iodoacetonitrile (1.34 mL, 18.42 mmol), and refluxed over 2 hours. The acetone was removed by vacuum distillation, and to the residue were added water (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distillated in a vacuum. The concentrate was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate-hexane 2:3 v/v) to afford a mixture of 2:1 of [4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile and [4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile as yellow oil. These two regioisomers (4.78 g, 92%) were used in the next reaction step without separation.[4-(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile: 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.29 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta 21.53, 39.97, 55.29, 110.91, 111.12, 113.65, 115.67, 118.75, 121.59, 121.65, 122.78, 130.58, 132.37, 140.16, 143.28, 149.68, 151.45, 151.79, 159.71, 162.33.[4-(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile: 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.39 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.92-6.96 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta 21.56, 37.78, 55.48, 112.15, 113.91, 117.08, 118.16, 119.88, 121.36, 122.48, 128.46, 139.57, 141.60, 142.19, 142.85, 149.78, 151.95, 160.48.To a solvent mixture of THF and water (4:1, 10 mL) were added the mixture prepared in Example 22 (300 mg, 0.89 mmol), 3-pyridineboronic acid (0.13 g, 1.06 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (31 mg, 0.04 mmol) and potassium carbonate (130 mg, 0.89 mmol), and stirred at 70 C. for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, washed with ice water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilled under vacuum. The residue was subjected to prep-TLC using a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate/hexane to purify the desired products.Purification yield by prep-TLC (silica gel, ethyl acetate-hexane, 2:1, v/v): (62 mg, 55%); m.p. 81-82 C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.39 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=3.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta 21.62, 37.79, 55.50, 112.38, 114.08, 116.81, 118.15, 119.21, 120.35, 122.59, 123.59, 128.90, 134.30, 134.78, 139.57, 140.71, 141.57, 141.97, 148.02, 149.92, 150.34, 154.99, 160.48.

Chemical properties determine the actual use. Each compound has specific chemical properties and uses. We look forward to more synthetic routes in the future to expand reaction routes of 624-75-9.

Reference:
Patent; LEE, So Ha; Yoo, Kyung Ho; Oh, Chang Hyun; Han, Dong Keun; El-Deeb, Ibrahim Mustafa; Park, Byung Sun; Jung, Su Jin; US2011/15395; (2011); A1;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Researchers who often do experiments know that organic synthesis is a process of preparing more complex target molecules from simple raw materials through one or more chemical reactions. Generally, it requires fewer steps, and cheap raw materials. 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, A new synthetic method of this compound is introduced below., Application In Synthesis of 2-Iodoacetonitrile

General procedure: Individual solutions of secondary N-alpha-trimethylsilylmethyl-N-benzylamines19 (5mmol) in acetonitrile (100mL) containing K2CO3 (10mmol) and 2-iodoacetonitrile (4.5mmol) were stirred for 12hat room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to give residues that were partitioned between water and CH2Cl2. The CH2Cl2 layers were dried and concentrated in vacuo to afford residues that were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane=1: 15 – 1: 30) to yield corresponding alpha-aminonitiriles 11a18 (91%), 11b (74%), 11c (78%), 11d (85%), 11e (75%), 11f (75%), 11g (74%), 11h (75%), 11i (78%), 11j (78%) and 11k (66%).

The basis of chemical reaction formula synthesis, the synthesis route is composed of some specific reactions and combined according to certain logical thinking. We look forward to the emergence of more reaction modes in the future.

Reference:
Article; Lim, Suk Hyun; Cho, Dae Won; Choi, Jungkweon; An, Hyunjun; Shim, Jun Ho; Mariano, Patrick S.; Tetrahedron; vol. 73; 44; (2017); p. 6249 – 6261;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., SDS of cas: 624-75-9

General procedure: Starting amine (5.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry diethyl ether (17 mL) and iodoacetonitrile (5.5 mmol, 919 mg) was added dropwise under cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3-14 days, then precipitate was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt 2. If the solid precipitate was not formed after 7 days, the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was washed with diethyl ether (3 × 15mL) and dried in vacuo. The quaternary ammonium salt 2 was used in the next step without additional purification. The corresponding quaternary ammonium salt (3.0 mmol) was heated at 150 C on oil bath in freshly distilled DMF (7 mL) in a 25 mL round-bottom flask fitted with reflux condenser and CaCl2-tube for 15 minutes. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with PhMe (2 × 15mL). The organic phase then was washed with H2O (2 × 15mL) and brine (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo to give the desired aminoacetonitrile 4. The latter, if necessary, was purified by column chromatography (it is convenient to visualize aminoacetonitriles on TLC-plate by treating with the diluted solution of ninhydrin in EtOH). Note, that aminoacetonitriles are moisture sensitive. Products after column chromatography were additionally dried by the addition of dry PhMe (5 mL) and evaporation in vacuo.

Chemical properties determine the actual use. Each compound has specific chemical properties and uses. We look forward to more synthetic routes in the future to expand reaction routes of 624-75-9.

Reference:
Article; Buev, Evgeny M.; Smorodina, Anastasia A.; Stepanov, Maxim A.; Moshkin, Vladimir S.; Sosnovskikh, Vyacheslav Y.; Tetrahedron Letters; vol. 59; 17; (2018); p. 1638 – 1641;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Synthetic Route of 624-75-9, In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below.

To a ice cooled stirred solution of ((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-phenylalanine (19) (0.5 g, 1.670 mmol) and TEA (0.233 mL, 1.670 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added 2-iodoacetonitrile (0.121 mL, 1.670 mmol) drop-wise and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 25 mL). Combined organic layer was washed with water (50 mL), saturated brine solution (50 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford brown gummy liquid of the crude product. The crude compound was purified by silica-gel flash column chromatography (eluted with ethyl-acetate/pet-ether = 2/10) to afford Cyanomethyl ((benzyloxy)carbonyl)phenylalaninate (1f) (0.5 g, 88%) as off-white solid. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): delta 7.19-7.38 (m, 11H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 4.96 (d, 2H), 4.33-4.41 (m, 1H), 2.87-3.10 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): delta 171.4, 156.3, 136.4, 137.3, 137.2, 129.6, 128.8, 128.7, 128.2, 128.0, 127.1, 116.1, 65.9, 55.6, 49.9, 36.5 MS (ESI): 356.2 as [M+H2O] in +Ve mode and as 338.2 [M-1] in -Ve mode.

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, 2-Iodoacetonitrile, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Reference:
Article; Karmakar, Ananta; Basha, Mushkin; Venkatesh Babu; Botlagunta, Murali; Malik, Noormohamed Abdul; Rampulla, Richard; Mathur, Arvind; Gupta, Arun Kumar; Tetrahedron Letters; (2018); p. 4267 – 4271;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In the chemical reaction process, reaction time, type of solvent, can easily affect the result of the reaction, thereby determining the yield and properties of the reaction product. An updated downstream synthesis route of 624-75-9 as follows. Recommanded Product: 624-75-9

General procedure: A 1.5 mL (1.5 mmol) ofPhBCl2 (1.0 mol/L in CH2Cl2) was added to CH2Cl2 solution(4 mL) of the nitrile (5a) (173 mg, 1.2 mmol) at room temperatureunder argon. The mixture was stirred for 15 min. Theindole (1a) (131 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added dropwise to this solutionat room temperature. The resulting solution was stirredfor 3 h, and then 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 was added to quench thereaction. The resulting mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2.The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried(MgSO4), and evaporated. The crude product was purifiedusing silica gel chromatography to provide 3aa (226 mg, 82%yield).

According to the analysis of related databases, 624-75-9, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

Reference:
Article; Mizoi, Kenta; Mashima, Yu; Kawashima, Yuya; Takahashi, Masato; Mimori, Seisuke; Hosokawa, Masakiyo; Murakami, Yasuoki; Hamana, Hiroshi; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin; vol. 63; 7; (2015); p. 538 – 545;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In the next few decades, the world population will flourish. As the population grows rapidly and people all over the world use more and more resources, all industries must consider their environmental impact. 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound, it is a common compound, a new synthetic route is introduced below. name: 2-Iodoacetonitrile

General procedure: Starting amine (5.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry diethyl ether (17 mL) and iodoacetonitrile (5.5 mmol, 919 mg) was added dropwise under cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3-14 days, then precipitate was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt 2. If the solid precipitate was not formed after 7 days, the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was washed with diethyl ether (3 × 15mL) and dried in vacuo. The quaternary ammonium salt 2 was used in the next step without additional purification. The corresponding quaternary ammonium salt (3.0 mmol) was heated at 150 C on oil bath in freshly distilled DMF (7 mL) in a 25 mL round-bottom flask fitted with reflux condenser and CaCl2-tube for 15 minutes. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with PhMe (2 × 15mL). The organic phase then was washed with H2O (2 × 15mL) and brine (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo to give the desired aminoacetonitrile 4. The latter, if necessary, was purified by column chromatography (it is convenient to visualize aminoacetonitriles on TLC-plate by treating with the diluted solution of ninhydrin in EtOH). Note, that aminoacetonitriles are moisture sensitive. Products after column chromatography were additionally dried by the addition of dry PhMe (5 mL) and evaporation in vacuo.

The synthetic route of 624-75-9 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Article; Buev, Evgeny M.; Smorodina, Anastasia A.; Stepanov, Maxim A.; Moshkin, Vladimir S.; Sosnovskikh, Vyacheslav Y.; Tetrahedron Letters; vol. 59; 17; (2018); p. 1638 – 1641;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Each compound has different characteristics, and only by selecting the characteristics of the compound suitable for a specific situation can the compound be applied on a large scale. 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, This compound has unique chemical properties. The synthetic route is as follows., HPLC of Formula: C2H2IN

Compound 6 (prepared according to B2. b) (30 mg) was dissolved in 20 ml of MECN, and iodo acetonitrile (1.0 eq. ) and K2CO3 (3 eq, 29 mg) were added. Stirring for 17 days at 20C. The MECN was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative TLC using CHCL2/MEOH (9/1) as the eluent. Yield: compound 60 (52 %).

According to the analysis of related databases, 624-75-9, the application of this compound in the production field has become more and more popular.

Reference:
Patent; JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA N.V.; ARTS, Frank, Xavier, Jozef, Herwig; WO2005/28479; (2005); A2;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Synthetic Route of 624-75-9,Some common heterocyclic compound, 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, molecular formula is C2H2IN, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route.

The synthesis of (cyanomethyl)trimethylphosphonium iodide is carried out in very much the same way as the procedure described in the literature [J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 2518-2521] from trimethylphosphine and iodoacetonitrile. 2.42 g of (cyanomethyl)trimethylphosphonium iodide is added to a solution of 1 g of alcohol 8 in 18 ml of propionitrile, and then 2.1 ml of diisopropyl ethylamine is added in drops. The reaction mixture is stirred for 14 hours at 97 C. After cooling to room temperature, the batch is mixed with 10 ml of water and 1 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The phase separation is carried out between ethyl acetate/water. The organic phase is washed with water and saturated sodium chloride solution, dried on magnesium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. Column-chromatographic purification (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) yields 480 mg of cyanide 11b as a colorless foam (GC-MS: m/z theor.: 535, pract.: 535).

The synthetic route of 624-75-9 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference:
Patent; Braeuer, Nico; Peters, Olaf; Hillisch, Alexander; Bohlmann, Rolf; Richter, Margit; Muhn, Hans-Peter; US2005/65135; (2005); A1;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Adding a certain compound to certain chemical reactions, such as: 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound, can increase the reaction rate and produce products with better performance than those obtained under traditional synthetic methods. Here is a downstream synthesis route of the compound 624-75-9, 624-75-9

Example 41 Benzyl {(7R)-6-cyano-7-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl}(cyanomethyl)carbamate Potassium carbonate (15.7 mg, 113 mmol, 2.1 eq.), 18-crown-6 (30 mg, 113 mmol, 2.1 eq.) and iodoacetonitrile (19 mg, 113 mmol, 2.1 eq.) were added to a solution of benzyl {(7R)-6-cyano-7-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl}carbamate (30 mg, 54 mmol) in DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with acetic acid and then purified by preparative HPLC (Kromasil C18 column, 5 mum, 50*20 mm; mobile phase: acetonitrile-water-0.1% TFA). After lyophilization, the product was obtained as a solid (25 mg, 78% of theory). LC-MS (Method 5): Rt=1.40 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z (%)=434.0 (100), 550.9 (20), 595.0 (30) [M+H]+; MS (ESIneg): m/z (%)=593.8 (100) [M-H]-. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): delta=2.00 (s, 3H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 5.10 (d, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.70-7.95 (m, 7H), 8.15 (br. s, 1H).

In the field of chemistry, the synthetic routes of compounds are constantly being developed and updated. I will also mention this compound in other articles, 2-Iodoacetonitrile, other downstream synthetic routes, hurry up and to see.

Reference:
Patent; BAYER SCHERING PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT; US2012/4203; (2012); A1;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Some common heterocyclic compound, 624-75-9, name is 2-Iodoacetonitrile, molecular formula is C2H2IN, traditional synthetic route has been very mature, but the traditional synthetic route has various shortcomings, such as complicated route, low yield, poor purity, etc, below Introduce a new synthetic route. Product Details of 624-75-9

The compound obtained in Example 21 (4.6 g, 15.35 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10.6 g, 76.73 mmol) were added to acetone (100 mL) and refluxed for 2 hours by heating. To this reaction mixture was dropwise added iodoacetonitrile (1.34 mL, 18.42 mmol), and refluxed over 2 hours. The acetone was removed by vacuum distillation, and to the residue were added water (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distillated in a vacuum. The concentrate was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate-hexane 2:3 v/v) to afford a mixture of 2:1 of [4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile and [4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile as yellow oil. These two regioisomers (4.78 g, 92%) were used in the next reaction step without separation.[4-(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile: 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.29 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta 21.53, 39.97, 55.29, 110.91, 111.12, 113.65, 115.67, 118.75, 121.59, 121.65, 122.78, 130.58, 132.37, 140.16, 143.28, 149.68, 151.45, 151.79, 159.71, 162.33.[4-(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile: 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.39 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.92-6.96 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta 21.56, 37.78, 55.48, 112.15, 113.91, 117.08, 118.16, 119.88, 121.36, 122.48, 128.46, 139.57, 141.60, 142.19, 142.85, 149.78, 151.95, 160.48.To a solvent mixture of THF and water (4:1, 10 mL) were added the mixture prepared in Example 22 (300 mg, 0.89 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.12 g, 0.974 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (31 mg, 0.044 mmol) and potassium carbonate (130 mg, 0.89 mmol), and stirred at 70 C. for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled at room temperature, washed with ice water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilled under vacuum. The residue was subjected to prep-TLC using a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate/hexane to purify the desired products.Purification yield by prep-TLC (silica gel, ethyl acetate-hexane, 1:3, v/v): (166 mg, 74%); m.p. 55-56 C; 1H NMR (CDCl3) delta 2.32 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 8.61 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) delta21.51, 39.86, 55.25, 110.90, 113.61, 115.61, 119.78, 120.42, 121.24, 121.76, 126.89, 128.78, 129.11, 130.05, 132.90, 139.19, 139.98, 140.77, 149.89, 151.46, 157.75, 159.75.

These compound has a wide range of applications. It is believed that with the continuous development of the source of the synthetic route 624-75-9, its application will become more common.

Reference:
Patent; LEE, So Ha; Yoo, Kyung Ho; Oh, Chang Hyun; Han, Dong Keun; El-Deeb, Ibrahim Mustafa; Park, Byung Sun; Jung, Su Jin; US2011/15395; (2011); A1;,
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com