Category: 2043-57-4

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , HPLC of Formula: C8H4F13I, 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, molecular formula is C8H4F13I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Hill, James C., introduce the new discover.

Electrodeposition of Epitaxial Lead Iodide and Conversion to Textured Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite

Applications for lead iodide, such as lasing, luminescence, radiation detection, and as a precursor for methylammonium lead iodide perovskite photovoltaic cells, require highly ordered crystalline thin films. Here, an electrochemical synthesis route is introduced that yields textured and epitaxial films of lead iodide at room temperature by reducing molecular iodine to iodide ions in the presence of lead ions. Lead iodide grows with a [0001] fiber texture on polycrystalline substrates such as fluorine-doped tin oxide. On single-crystal Au(100), Au(111), and Au(110) the out-of-plane orientation of lead iodide is also [0001], but the in-plane orientation is controlled by the single-crystal substrate. The epitaxial lead iodide on single-crystal gold is converted to textured methylammonium lead iodide perovskite with a preferred [110] orientation via methylammonium iodide vapor-assisted chemical transformation of the solid.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 2043-57-4. HPLC of Formula: C8H4F13I.

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Category: iodides-buliding-blocks, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Martinelango, P. Kalyani, introduce the new discover.

Perchlorate in seawater – Bioconcentration of iodide and perchlorate by various seaweed species

There has been no reliable published data on the presence of perchlorate in seawater. Seaweeds are among the most important plant life in the ocean and are good sources of iodine and have been widely used as food and nutritional supplement. Perchlorate is known to inhibit the transport of iodide by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), present e.g., in the thyroid and mammary glands. With perchlorate being increasingly detected in drinking water, milk and various other foods, increasing the iodide intake through inexpensive natural supplements may be an attractive solution for maintaining iodine assimilation. We report here measurable concentrations of perchlorate in several samples of seawater (detectable in about half the samples analyzed). We also report the iodide and perchlorate concentrations of I I different species of seaweed and the corresponding bioconcentration factors (BCF) for perchlorate and iodide, relative to the seawater from which they were harvested. All seaweed samples came from the same region, off the coast of Northeastern Maine. Concentrations of iodide and perchlorate in four seawater samples collected from the region near harvest time were 30 +/- 11 and 0.16 +/- 0.084 mu g l(-1), respectively. Concentrations of both iodide and perchlorate varied over a wide range for different seaweed species; iodide ranging from 16 to 3134 mg kg(-1) and perchlorate from 0.077 to 3.2 mg kg(-1). The Laminaria species had the highest iodide concentration; Laminaria digitata is the seaweed species most commonly used in the kelp tablets sold in health food stores. Our sample of L digitata contained 3134 +/- 15 mg iodide/kg dry weight. The BCF varied widely for different species, with Laminaria species concentrating iodide preferentially over perchlorate. The iodide BCF (BCFi) to perchlorate BCF (BCFp) quotient ranged from 0.66 to 53; L. digitata and L. saccarina having a BCFi/BCFp value of 45 and 53, respectively, far greater than a simple anion exchange process will allow. Although most seaweed samples contain some amount of perchlorate, the great majority contains iodide in so much higher amount that at least for the commonly used Laminaria species, the iodide/perchlorate ratio is greater than the square of the perchlorate to iodide selectivity factor reported for the mammalian NIS and should thus lead to net beneficial iodine nutrition even in a two-stage mother-infant scenario. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 2043-57-4. Category: iodides-buliding-blocks.

In an article, author is REIFENHAUSER, W, once mentioned the application of 2043-57-4, Application In Synthesis of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, molecular formula is C8H4F13I, molecular weight is 474, MDL number is MFCD00039410, category is iodides-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

DETERMINATIONS OF METHYL-IODIDE IN THE ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHERE AND THE SOUTH POLAR SEA

Methyl iodide (CH3I) concentrations were determined in the atmosphere and in surface sea water near the Antarctic Peninsula with a GC/ECD system during October-December 1987. The mean air concentration of methyl iodide was 2.4 pptv with a corresponding seawater concentration of 2.6 ng l-1. In addition chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) was detected in some of the seawater samples as a second volatile organoiodine species. No relationship between methyl iodide and biogenic brominated methanes was found. From this it follows that methyl iodide has a different pathway of biogenic production in marine organisms than the brominated methanes. Based on a two-phase model a global sea-to-air flux for methyl iodide of 8 x 10(11) g yr-1 was calculated. This is important for the balance of the global biogeochemical iodine cycle assuming that methyl iodide is by far the dominant volatile organoiodine species in the environment.

If you are interested in 2043-57-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Application In Synthesis of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane.

Reference of 2043-57-4, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is GARCIA, MD, introduce new discover of the category.

GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION OF METHYL-IODIDE ON SEVERAL TYPES OF CARBONS

Gas chromatography has been used to measure the adsorption at zero surface coverage of methyl iodide on different types of carbon. The effect on the adsorption of methyl iodide of adding potassium iodide to the carbon samples was also studied. The differences observed in the behaviour of these samples for the adsorption of methyl iodide are explained on the basis of the textural characteristics of the samples. Thermodynamic functions of adsorption of methyl iodide at zero surface coverage are obtained.

Reference of 2043-57-4, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 2043-57-4 is helpful to your research.

Reference of 2043-57-4, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is TANGYUNYONG, P, introduce new discover of the category.

BONDING, STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN SHEET CRYSTAL SILVER IODOBROMIDE(III)

The addition of small amounts of iodide to the silver bromide is known to have a significant effect on the photographic properties of silver halides. The change in the photographic sensitivity depends on both the concentration and distribution of iodide ions. Hence, it is important to obtain detailed information on the chemical bonding and compositional distribution of iodide in silver halide alloys. The depth distribution of iodide ions was determined with the ISS (ion scattering spectrometry) technique at both the top and bottom (111) surface layers of AgBr0.97I0.03, AgBr0.94I0.06 and AgBr0.90I0.10 sheet crystals grown on a flat Vycor(R) (quartz) substrate. ISS data show that iodide ions are more heavily segregated at the last-solidified surface. For the first-solidified surface, there is a smaller enhancement of iodide ions within the top 100 angstrom region relative to the rest of the near-surface region. Systematic fluorescence EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and SEXAFS (surface EXAFS) measurements were made at 35 +/- 5 K on both the Br and I absorption edges to study the local iodide distribution, bonding and structure of the top surface and bulk layers. EXAFS and SEXAFS data show that there are significant differences in the local iodide distribution and silver ion vacancy concentration between the bulk and surface layers. These differences vary with the concentration of iodide ions in the samples. For the bulk layers, there are no changes in the local iodide distribution and silver vacancy concentration as a function of iodide concentration, in contrast to the surface layers where significant differences were observed. Changes in the iodide concentration, local iodide distribution and silver vacancy concentration have negligible effects on the nearest-neighbor distances for both the surface and bulk layers. The nearest-neighbor I-Ag and I-Br distances are found to be slightly larger that the corresponding Br-Ag and Br-Br distances.

Reference of 2043-57-4, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 2043-57-4 is helpful to your research.

Application of 2043-57-4, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Guan, Jin Tao, introduce new discover of the category.

CuI/PPh3 catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes in water in the absence of palladium

The Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes catalyzed by a simple and inexpensive catalyst CuI/PPh3 in water as the sole solvent has been reported. In the presence of CuI/PPh3, with KOH used as a base, a number of aryl iodides were treated with alkynes to afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Application of 2043-57-4, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 2043-57-4.

Electric Literature of 2043-57-4, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Vitale, M, introduce new discover of the category.

Iodide excess induces apoptosis in thyroid cells through a p53-independent mechanism involving oxidative stress

Thyroid toxicity of iodide excess has been demonstrated in animals fed with an iodide-rich diet; in vitro iodide is cytotoxic, inhibits cell growth, and induces morphological changes in thyroid cells of some species. In this study, we investigated the effect of iodide excess in an immortalized thyroid cell line (TAD-2) in primary cultures of human thyroid cells and in cells of nonthyroid origin. Iodide displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both TAD-2 and primary thyroid cells, although at different concentrations, whereas it had no effect on cells of nonthyroid origin. Thyroid cells treated with iodide excess underwent apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological changes, plasma membrane phosphatidylserine exposure, and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was unaffected by protein synthesis inhibition, whereas inhibition of peroxidase enzymatic activity by Dropylthiouracil completely blocked iodide cytotoxicity. During KI treatment, reactive oxygen species were produced, and lipid peroxide levels increased markedly. Inhibition of endogenous p53 activity did not affect the sensitivity of TAD-2 cells to iodide, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bar protein expression did not change when cells were treated with iodide. These data indicate that excess molecular iodide, generated by oxidation of ionic iodine by endogenous peroxidases, induces apoptosis in thyroid cells through a mechanism involving generation of free radicals. This type of apoptosis is p53 independent, does not require protein synthesis, and is not induced by modulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or Bar protein expression.

Electric Literature of 2043-57-4, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 2043-57-4 is helpful to your research.

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, formurla is C8H4F13I. In a document, author is Fisher, Jeffrey W., introducing its new discovery. COA of Formula: C8H4F13I.

Evaluation of Iodide Deficiency in the Lactating Rat and Pup Using a Biologically Based Dose-Response Model

A biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model for the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis in the lactating rat and nursing pup was developed to describe the perturbations caused by iodide deficiency on the HPT axis. Model calibrations, carried out by adjusting key model parameters, were used as a technique to evaluate HPT axis adaptations to dietary iodide intake in euthyroid (4.139 g iodide/day) and iodide-deficient (0.31 and 1.2 g iodide/day) conditions. Iodide-deficient conditions in both the dam and the pup were described with increased blood flow to the thyroid gland, TSH-mediated increase in thyroidal uptake of iodide and binding of iodide in the thyroid gland (organification), and, in general, reduced thyroid hormone production and metabolism. Alterations in thyroxine (T4) homeostasis were more apparent than for triiodothyronine (T3). Model-predicted average daily area-under-the-serum-concentration-curve (nM-day) values for T4 at steady state in the dam and pup decreased by 1415% for the 1.2 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet and 4252% for the 0.31 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet. In rat pups that were iodide deficient during gestation and lactation, these decreases in serum T4 levels were associated with declines in thyroid hormone in the fetal brain and a suppression of synaptic responses in the hippocampal region of the brain of the adult offspring (Gilbert et al., 2013).

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 2043-57-4 help many people in the next few years. COA of Formula: C8H4F13I.

Reference of 2043-57-4, Redox catalysis has been broadly utilized in electrochemical synthesis due to its kinetic advantages over direct electrolysis. The appropriate choice of redox mediator can avoid electrode passivation and overpotential. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Jing, Han, introduce new discover of the category.

Determination of trace iodide in saturated brine using ion chromatography

A new method was developed for the determination of iodide in saturated brine by ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and in-line pretreatment. lonPac Cryptand C1 column was used to concentrate iodide from 50 mu L sample volume, which was subsequently rinsed with 10 mmol/L NaOH to remove interfering chloride. The iodide was elute from the concentrator by 0.5 mmol/L NaOH and on the head of the AG20 guard column. The separation of iodide was achieved on an lonPac AS20 column with 25 mmol/L NaOH as eluent. The detection limit of iodide was 0.07 mu g/L (50 mu L injection, signal-to-noise ratio of 3) and the linear range of the calibration curve of peak height vs analyte concentration was from 5.0 mu g/L to 1000 mu g/L. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of the peak height for 0.05 mg/L iodide was 1.0% (n =9).

Reference of 2043-57-4, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 2043-57-4 is helpful to your research.

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, formurla is C8H4F13I. In a document, author is Gervay-Hague, Jacquelyn, introducing its new discovery. HPLC of Formula: C8H4F13I.

Taming the Reactivity of Glycosyl Iodides To Achieve Stereoselective Glycosidation

Although glycosyl iodides have been known for more than 100 years, it was not until the 21st century that their full potential began to be harnessed for complex glycoconjugate synthesis. Mechanistic studies in the late 1990s probed glycosyl iodide formation by NMR spectroscopy and revealed important reactivity features embedded in protecting-group stereoelectronics. Differentially protected sugars having an anomeric acetate were reacted with trimethylsilyl iodide (TMSI) to generate the glycosyl iodides. In the absence of C-2 participation, generation of the glycosyl iodide proceeded by inversion of the starting anomeric acetate stereochemistry. Once formed, the glycosyl iodide readily underwent in situ anomerization, and in the presence of excess iodide, equilibrium concentrations of alpha- and beta-iodides were established. Reactivity profiles depended upon the identity of the sugar and the protecting groups adorning it. Consistent with the modern idea of disarmed versus armed sugars, ester protecting groups diminished the reactivity of glycosyl iodides and ether protecting groups enhanced the reactivity. Thus, acetylated sugars were slower to form the iodide and anomerize than their benzylated analogues, and these disarmed glycosyl iodides could be isolated and purified, whereas armed ether-protected iodides could only be generated and reacted in situ. All other things being equal, the beta-iodide was orders of magnitude more reactive than the thermodynamically more stable alpha-iodide, consistent with the idea of in situ anomerization introduced by Lemieux in the mid-20th century. Glycosyl iodides are far more reactive than the corresponding bromides, and with the increased reactivity comes increased stereocontrol, particularly when forming a-linked linear and branched oligosaccharides. Reactions with per-O-silylated glycosyl iodides are especially useful for the synthesis of a-linked glycoconjugates. Silyl ether protecting groups make the glycosyl iodide so reactive that even highly functionalized aglycon acceptors add. Following the coupling event, the TMS ethers are readily removed by methanolysis, and since all of the byproducts are volatile, multiple reactions can be performed in a single reaction vessel without isolation of intermediates. In this fashion, per-O-TMS monosaccharides can be converted to biologically relevant alpha-linked glycolipids in one pot. The stereochemical outcome of these reactions can also be switched to beta-glycoside formation by addition of silver to chelate the iodide, thus favoring S(N)2 displacement of the alpha-iodide. While iodides derived from benzyl and silyl ether-protected oligosaccharides are susceptible to interglycosidic bond cleavage when treated with TMSI, the introduction of a single acetate protecting group prevents this unwanted side reaction. Partial acetylation of armed glycosyl iodides also attenuates HI elimination side reactions. Conversely, fully acetylated glycosyl iodides are deactivated and require metal catalysis in order for glycosidation to occur. Recent findings indicate that I-2 activation of per-O-acetylated mono-, di-, and trisaccharides promotes glycosidation of cyclic ethers to give beta-linked iodoalkyl glycoconjugates in one step. Products of these reactions have been converted into multivalent carbohydrate displays. With these synthetic pathways elucidated, chemical reactivity can be exquisitely controlled by the judicious selection of protecting groups to achieve high stereocontrol in step-economical processes.

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