Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. 144-48-9, formula is C2H4INO, Name is 2-Iodoacetamide.The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Category: iodides-buliding-blocks.
Grassi, Bruno;Hogan, Michael C.;Gladden, L. Bruce research published 《 Microvascular O2 delivery and O2 utilization during metabolic transitions in skeletal muscle. One-hundred years after the pioneering work by August Krogh》, the research content is summarized as follows. A review. Upon a sudden rise in work rate, ATP turnover increases immediately, whereas the adjustment of ATP resynthesis from oxidative phosphorylation is substantially slower. An “O2 deficit” (energy borrowed from substrate level phosphorylation) is therefore generated. A greater O2 deficit represents an epiphenomenon of a lower “metabolic stability” during the transition, a circumstance directly related to impaired exercise tolerance. In the search for factors responsible for the delayed adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation, we performed studies in the surgically isolated canine gastrocnemius muscle in situ. Enhancement of convective and diffusive microvascular O2 delivery, with respect to a “normal” condition, did not affect skeletal muscle VO2 kinetics during transitions to submaximal metabolic rates. VO2 kinetics, however, was slowed after exptl. impairing convective O2 delivery, a condition frequently encountered in pathol. conditions. Among potential metabolic factors (pyruvate dehydrogenase activation, nitric oxide inhibition of cytochrome oxidase) a limiting role in VO2 kinetics was observed only for creatine kinase (CK) mediated phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown. Following CK inhibition, faster muscle VO2 kinetics was observed Thus, in skeletal muscle CK-catalyzed PCr breakdown at contractions onset slows the increase of oxidative phosphorylation. By acting as a high-capacitance energy buffer, PCr breakdown delays or attenuates the increased concentrations of metabolites (such as ADP, Pi, Cr) mediating the VO2 increase. Upon sudden increases in ATP turnover, skeletal muscle fibers rely first on the bioenergetic pathway (PCr breakdown), which is fast to adjust to increased metabolic needs. Metabolites related to PCr breakdown regulate, but inevitably slow down, the adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation.
Category: iodides-buliding-blocks, 2-Iodoacetamide is a synthetic retinoid that binds to the DNA of cells, altering transcription. It also has been found to be effective in treating bowel disease and has been shown to have dna binding activity. The compound was synthesized by attaching iodine molecules to acetamide. 2-Iodoacetamide targets the protein thiols on the surface of cells, which are responsible for oxidation and damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase and can be used as a biological sample or natural compound is a compound used as an electrophile for covalent modification of nucleophilic residues on proteins (cysteine, methionine, histidine). When modifying the active-site residues of cysteine proteases, α-Iodoacetamide acts as an irreversible inhibitor of these enzymes.
2-Iodoacetamide used in peptide mapping because it covalently binds with thiols in cysteine residues, thereby preventing disulfide bond formation. By virtue of reaction with cysteine, it is an irreversible inhibitor of enzymes with cysteine at the active site. Also reacts with histidine residues though much more slowly, and this activity is responsible for inhibition of ribonuclease.
An alkylating sulfhydryl reagent. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate., 144-48-9.
Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com