Month: February 2023

Design and Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Derived Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Inhibitors Using a Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1)-Derived Crystallographic Surrogate was written by Williamson, Douglas S.;Smith, Garrick P.;Mikkelsen, Gitte K.;Jensen, Thomas;Acheson-Dossang, Pamela;Badolo, Lassina;Bedford, Simon T.;Chell, Victoria;Chen, I-Jen;Dokurno, Pawel;Hentzer, Morten;Newland, Samantha;Ray, Stuart C.;Shaw, Terry;Surgenor, Allan E.;Terry, Lindsey;Wang, Yikang;Christensen, Kenneth V.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C6H2Cl2IN3 This article mentions the following:

Inhibitors of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and mutants, such as G2019S, have potential utility in Parkinson’s disease treatment. Fragment hit-derived pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines underwent optimization using X-ray structures of LRRK2 kinase domain surrogates, based on checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and a CHK1 10-point mutant. (2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl derivative I (LRRK2 G2019S cK_i 0.7 nM, LE 0.66) was identified, with increased potency consistent with an X-ray structure of 18/CHK1 10-pt. mutant showing the 2-Me substituent proximal to Ala147 (Ala2016 in LRRK2). Further structure-guided elaboration of I gave the 2-[(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino] deriv II. Optimization of II afforded diastereomeric oxolan-3-yl derivatives III and IV, which demonstrated a favorable in vitro PK profile, although they displayed species disconnects in the in vivo PK profile, and a propensity for P-gp- and/or BCRP-mediated efflux in a mouse model. Compounds III and IV demonstrated high potency and exquisite selectivity for LRRK2 and utility as chem. probes for the study of LRRK2 inhibition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (cas: 1012785-51-1Electric Literature of C6H2Cl2IN3).

2,4-Dichloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (cas: 1012785-51-1) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are widely used in organic synthesis. Halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons is a very important reaction via an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Electric Literature of C6H2Cl2IN3

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The Catalyst-Controlled Regiodivergent Chlorination of Phenols was written by Maddox, Sean M.;Dinh, Andrew N.;Armenta, Felipe;Um, Joann;Gustafson, Jeffrey L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Product Details of 289039-26-5 This article mentions the following:

Different catalysts are demonstrated to overcome or augment a substrate’s innate regioselectivity. Nagasawa’s bis-thiourea catalyst was found to overcome the innate para-selectivity of electrophilic phenol chlorination, yielding ortho-chlorinated phenols that are not readily obtainable via canonical electrophilic chlorinations. Conversely, a phosphine sulfide derived from 2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP) was found to enhance the innate para-preference of phenol chlorination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-5-iodophenol (cas: 289039-26-5Product Details of 289039-26-5).

2-Chloro-5-iodophenol (cas: 289039-26-5) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Product Details of 289039-26-5

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Carbo-Carboxylation of Alkenes via Intramolecular Heck Carbonylation Utilizing CO₂ and Hydrosilane was written by Wang, Meng-Meng;Lu, Sheng-Mei;Li, Can. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Quality Control of 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol This article mentions the following:

Starting from diverse alkene-tethered aryl halides 2-X-3-R-4-R¹-5-R²C₆HYZ(CH₂)_nC(=CH₂)R³ [R = H, OMe, Cl; R¹ = H, Me, t-Bu, Br, F, Cl; R² = H, OMe, Cl, COOMe; R³ = Me, n-Bu, methoxymethyl; X = Br, I; Y = Z = O, CH₂; n = 0, 1] and silyl formate formed in situ from CO₂ and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane), the carbo-carboxylation of alkenes has been achieved using an easily accessible Pd/monophosphine ligand combination as the catalyst. This protocol provides competent access to construct a series of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, chromans, isochroman, indanes and tetralins bearing a β-acid moiety I in moderate to excellent yield. Addnl., the example of domino carbo-carbonylation reactions has been demonstrated using diene-tethered aryl iodide as starting material, forming oxygen-containing bicyclic products I in good yield. It is speculated that the carbo-carboxylation reaction of alkenes proceeds via a carbo-silyloxycarbonylation pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8Quality Control of 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol).

4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are widely used in organic synthesis. Halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons is a very important reaction via an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Quality Control of 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Synthesis, configuration judgment and potentiation activity of (2S,3S,E)-4-(3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid was written by Zhang, Jun-Liang;Lv, Zhi-Liang;Zhong, Jia-Liang;Chen, Dai-Jie;Li, Mo-Ying;Zhang, Jian-Bin. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C8H9IO2 This article mentions the following:

The title compound (2S,3S,E)-4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized and the 2D structure was characterized by 1H-NMR 13C-NMR and LCMS. The absolute configuration was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the key intermediate (2S,3S,E)-Et 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)- 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate. The crystal belongs to tetragonal system, space group P41 with a = 13.0665(2), b = 13.0665(2), c = 13.4735(2) Å, V = 2300.4(6) Å3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.278 g/cm3, μ(CuKa) = 0.801 mm-1, F(000) = 936, S = 1.050, R = 0.0364 and wR (I > 2s(I)) = 0.1071. X-ray diffraction results showed that the mol. structure is stabilized totally by Van der Waals force. The antibacterial activity tests showed that the title compound possesses slight synergistic effect against MRSA and Acinetobacter baumanii. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (cas: 5460-32-2Formula: C8H9IO2).

4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (cas: 5460-32-2) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organoiodine compounds occur widely in organic chemistry, but are relatively rare in nature. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Formula: C8H9IO2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

A Convenient Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzo[b]furans from Aryl Halides and 2-Halophenols by Catalytic One-Pot Cascade Method was written by Bosiak, Mariusz Jan. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2016.COA of Formula: C6H4BrIO This article mentions the following:

The development of a multicatalytic one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzofurans starting from aryl halides and 2-halophenols is described. The protocol involves two Sonogashira coupling reactions, followed by 2-ethynylphenol cyclization leading to 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives The process occurs smoothly under mild conditions, giving products in good yields, and can be applied to many 2-arylbenzofurans substituted both at 2-aryl position and in the benzodifuran moiety. Substituents such as halogens, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, and amino groups are tolerated, enabling further functionalization of the system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8COA of Formula: C6H4BrIO).

4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I.COA of Formula: C6H4BrIO

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H arylation of 2-halo-N-Boc-N-arylbenzamides for the synthesis of N-H phenanthridinones was written by Hu, Quan-Fang;Gao, Tian-Tao;Shi, Yao-Jie;Lei, Qian;Yu, Luo-Ting. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2018.Application of 73841-32-4 This article mentions the following:

A palladium catalyzed synthesis of N-H phenanthridinones was developed via C-H arylation. The protocol gives phenanthridinones regioselectively by one-pot reaction without deprotection. It exhibits broad substrate scope and affords targets in up to 95% yields. Importantly, it could be applied for the less reactive o-chlorobenzamides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Iodopicolinic acid (cas: 73841-32-4Application of 73841-32-4).

3-Iodopicolinic acid (cas: 73841-32-4) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are widely used in organic synthesis. Halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons is a very important reaction via an electrophilic aromatic substitution. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.Application of 73841-32-4

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Halogen and Hydrogen Bond Architectures in Switchable Chains of Di- and Trihaloimidazoles was written by Andrzejewski, Michal;Marciniak, Jedrzej;Rajewski, Kacper W.;Katrusiak, Andrzej. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2015.Product Details of 15813-09-9 This article mentions the following:

Halogen bonds have been employed for controlling the structure of NH···N hydrogen-bonded chains in halogenated imidazoles; the CH···halogen contacts stabilize the coplanar arrangement of mols., whereas the halogen···halogen contacts twist the mols. around the NH···N bonds and stretch their N···N distances. The interplay of halogen···halogen and NH···N hydrogen bonds leads to isostructural relations of 4,5-dihaloimidazoles as well as between trichloro- and tribromoimidazole. However, the increasing steric hindrance excludes the triiodoimidazole from this isostructural series, and the triiodo derivative forms an unusual structure with three symmetry-independent mols. All sym. substituted 4,5-dichloro-, dibromo-, and diiodoimidazoles as well as trichloro-, tribromo-, and triiodoimidazoles have been synthesized and crystallized and their structures determined The derived rules also apply to the co-crystal structures of 4,5-diiodoimidazole:2,4,5-triiodoimidazole as well as to 4-iodoimidazole:2,4-diiodoimidazole. The halogen interactions prove an efficient means for engineering and tuning new materials with desired dielec. properties relying on highly polarizable NH···N hydrogen bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9Product Details of 15813-09-9).

4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the Simmons–Smith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Product Details of 15813-09-9

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of acyclic fleximer nucleoside analogues with anti-coronavirus activity was written by Peters, Hannah L.;Jochmans, Dirk;de Wilde, Adriaan H.;Posthuma, Clara C.;Snijder, Eric J.;Neyts, Johan;Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2015.HPLC of Formula: 15813-09-9 This article mentions the following:

A series of doubly flexible nucleoside analogs were designed based on the acyclic sugar scaffold of acyclovir and the flex-base moiety found in the fleximers. The target compounds were evaluated for their antiviral potential and found to inhibit several coronaviruses. Significantly, compound 2 displayed selective antiviral activity (CC₅₀ > 3× EC₅₀) towards human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63 and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, but not severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. In the case of HCoV-NL63 the activity was highly promising with an EC₅₀ <10 μM and a CC₅₀ >100 μM. As such, these doubly flexible nucleoside analogs are viewed as a novel new class of drug candidates with potential for potent inhibition of coronaviruses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9HPLC of Formula: 15813-09-9).

4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles. A typical method for synthesis of aromatic iodides is diazotization of primary aromatic amines followed by treatment of potassium iodide. Aliphatic alcohols are converted to alkyl iodides by treating with hydrogen iodide.HPLC of Formula: 15813-09-9

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Hydroboration of nitriles, esters, and amides catalyzed by simple neosilyllithium was written by Sai Kumar, Gobbilla;Bhattacharjee, Jayeeta;Kumari, Kusum;Moorthy, Shruti;Bandyopadhyay, Ayan;Kumar Singh, Saurabh;Panda, Tarun K.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 77350-52-8 This article mentions the following:

We present here an efficient method for the hydroboration of organic nitriles, carboxylic esters, and carboxamides with pinacolborane (HBpin) using an alkali metal catalyst, neosilyllithium (LiCH₂SiMe₃), in neat reaction conditions. The reactions were accomplished with efficient catalytic reactivity and demonstrated by neosilyllithium at room temperature, in solvent-free condition, to afford a high yield of the corresponding N-boryl amines, boryl ethers, and amine hydrochlorides. The protocol for the catalytic reaction presented in this paper is simple and efficient, with diverse substrate scope for nitriles, carboxylic esters, and carboxamides showing excellent functional group tolerance. DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations were also performed, showing that the hydroboration of nitriles catalyzed by neosilyllithium occurs through the pre-coordination of the nitrile at Lewis acid lithium followed by hydride migration from the B-H entity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethyl-4-iodobenzamide (cas: 77350-52-8HPLC of Formula: 77350-52-8).

N,N-Diethyl-4-iodobenzamide (cas: 77350-52-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organoiodine compounds occur widely in organic chemistry, but are relatively rare in nature. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.HPLC of Formula: 77350-52-8

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Nucleophilic C-H Etherification of Heteroarenes Enabled by Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer was written by Puleo, Thomas R.;Klaus, Danielle R.;Bandar, Jeffrey S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H5IS This article mentions the following:

A general protocol for the direct C-H etherification of N-heteroarenes is reported. Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes halogen transfer from 2-halothiophenes to N-heteroarenes to form N-heteroaryl halide intermediates that undergo tandem base-promoted alc. substitution. Thus, the simple inclusion of inexpensive 2-halothiophenes enables regioselective oxidative coupling of alcs. with 1,3-azoles, pyridines, diazines, and polyazines under basic reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Iodobenzo[b]thiophene (cas: 36748-88-6COA of Formula: C8H5IS).

3-Iodobenzo[b]thiophene (cas: 36748-88-6) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.COA of Formula: C8H5IS

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com