Month: November 2022

de Souza, Carlos A. published the artcileScope and mechanism of the electrochemical Reformatskii reaction of α-haloesters on a graphite powder cathode in aqueous anolyte, Quality Control of 31253-08-4, the publication is Electrochimica Acta (2014), 118-126, database is CAplus.

Six α-haloesters and eighteen carbonyl compounds were submitted to electrochem. coupling on a graphite powder cathode using aqueous anolyte free of organic solvents. Preparative yields of coupling products could be obtained with Et 2-bromoisobutyrate and aromatic aldehydes. Et 2-bromopropionate was much less efficient. Extensive variation of applied potential, electrolyte composition, stoichiometry, catalyst, leaving halogen and activating substituents on the carbonyl compound indicated that the reaction mechanism in most cases proceeds via a radical intermediate generated from the halide reduction Et chloroacetate produced only trace amounts of coupling product, most probably by a carbanionic mechanism.

Electrochimica Acta published new progress about 31253-08-4. 31253-08-4 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Iodide,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-Iodopropionate, and the molecular formula is C5H9IO2, Quality Control of 31253-08-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Clausen, Rasmus P. published the artcileThe Glutamate Receptor GluR5 Agonist (S)-2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid and the 8-Methyl Analogue: Synthesis, Molecular Pharmacology, and Biostructural Characterization, HPLC of Formula: 161370-66-7, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 52(15), 4911-4922, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The design, synthesis, and pharmacol. characterization of a highly potent and selective glutamate GluR5 agonist is reported. (S)-2-Amino-3-((RS)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (I) is the 8-Me analog of (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (II). I displays an improved selectivity profile compared to II. A versatile stereoselective synthetic route for this class of compounds is presented along with the characterization of the binding affinity of I to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Functional characterization of I at cloned iGluRs using a calcium imaging assay and voltage-clamp recordings show a different activation of GluR5 compared to (S)-glutamic acid, kainic acid, and (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid as previously demonstrated for II. An X-ray crystallog. anal. of II and computational analyses of II and I bound to the GluR5 agonist binding domain (ABD) are presented, including a watermap anal., which suggests that water mols. in the agonist binding site are important selectivity determinants.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 161370-66-7. 161370-66-7 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chiral,Iodide,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester,Amide, name is (S)-tert-Butyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-iodobutanoate, and the molecular formula is C13H24INO4, HPLC of Formula: 161370-66-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

El Ashry, El Sayed H. published the artcileHeterocycles from carbohydrates precursors. Part XXIII. (2-Quinoxalinon-3-yl)glyoxal derivatives from L-ascorbic acid, Safety of 4-Iodobenzohydrazide, the publication is Carbohydrate Research (1980), 83(1), 79-84, database is CAplus.

Reaction of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid with o-phenylenediamine, followed by aroylhydrazines, gave 3-[1-(aroylhydrazono)-L–threo-2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl]-2-quinoxalinones (I; R = Ph, substituted Ph, 4-pyridyl) which, upon periodate oxidation, gave 3-[1-(aroylhydrazono)glyoxal-1-yl]-2-quinoxalinones. Reaction of 3-[1-(benzoylhydrazono)glyoxal-1-yl]-2-quinoxalinone with benzoylhydrazine gave 3-[1,2-bis(benzoylhydrazono)glyoxal-1-yl]-2-quinoxalinone, and its reduction gave 3-[1-(benzoylhydrazono)-2-hydroxyethyl]-2-quinoxalinone.

Carbohydrate Research published new progress about 39115-95-2. 39115-95-2 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Iodide,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzene,Hydrazide,Amide, name is 4-Iodobenzohydrazide, and the molecular formula is C7H7IN2O, Safety of 4-Iodobenzohydrazide.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

El Ashry, E. S. H. published the artcileScope of reactions of hydrazines and hydrazones. Part X. Bis(aroylhydrazones) and phenylacetylhydrazones of vic-dicarbonyl compounds and their oxidation to 1,2,3-triazoles, Application In Synthesis of 39115-95-2, the publication is Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry (1980), 19B(7), 612-15, database is CAplus.

Treating acenaphthenequinone with hydrazines gave 40-70% monohydrazones I (Z = O, R = Ph, o-, m-, p-MeC₆H₄ m-, p-ClC₆H₄, p-IC₆H₄, p-MeOC₆H₄, p-O₂NC₆H₄, 3-, 4-pyridyl). Oxidative cyclization of I (R = Ph, Z = NNHBz) by Pb(OAc)₄ gave triazole II. The (phenylacetyl)hydrazones of benzil and phenylglyoxal were similarly prepared and cyclized to the triazoles.

Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 39115-95-2. 39115-95-2 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Iodide,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzene,Hydrazide,Amide, name is 4-Iodobenzohydrazide, and the molecular formula is C7H7IN2O, Application In Synthesis of 39115-95-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Kippen, Ian published the artcileUptake of uric acid by separated renal tubules of the rabbit. II. Effects of drugs, Product Details of C7H5I2NO3, the publication is Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (1977), 201(1), 226-32, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The effect of various drugs on the rate of uptake of uric acid [69-93-2] by separated renal tubules of the rabbit was investigated. Determinations were made of I50 values and slopes of the inhibition curves. The most potent inhibitor of uric acid uptake was sulfinpyrazone [57-96-5], with an I50 of 0.02 mM. Calcium ipodate [1151-11-7] and benzbromarone [3562-84-3] were also potent inhibitors. Uricosuric drugs, with the exception of benzobromarone, had shallow inhibition slopes. Diuretic drugs had steep inhibition slopes. More than one mechanism of action is probably involved in the inhibition of uric acid uptake in separated renal tubules by drugs.

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics published new progress about 101-29-1. 101-29-1 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridine,Iodide,Carboxylic acid,Ketone, name is 2-(3,5-Diiodo-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl)acetic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H5I2NO3, Product Details of C7H5I2NO3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Watanabe, Masaki published the artcileIncreased Molecular Flexibility Widens the Gap between K_i and K_d values in Screening for Retinoid X Receptor Modulators, Quality Control of 638-45-9, the publication is ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2022), 13(2), 211-217, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Screening for small-mol. modulators targeting a particular receptor is frequently based on measurement of K_d, i.e., the binding constant between the receptor and the compound of interest. However, K_d values also reflect binding at receptor protein sites other than the modulatory site. We designed derivatives of retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist CBTF-EE (I) with modifications that altered their conformational flexibility. Compounds 6a,b and 7a,b showed quite similar K_d values, but 7a,b exhibited 10-fold higher K_i values than those of 6a,b. Further, 6a,b showed potent RXR-antagonistic activity, while 7a,b were inactive. These results suggest that increased conformational flexibility promotes binding at nontarget receptor sites. In this situation, conventional determination of K_d is less effective for screening purposes than the determination of K_i using a ligand that binds specifically to the site regulating transcriptional activity. Thus, the use of K_i values for orthosteric ligands may increase the hit rate in screening active regulatory mols.

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 638-45-9. 638-45-9 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Iodide,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, name is 1-Iodohexane, and the molecular formula is C19H18O2, Quality Control of 638-45-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Jha, Amitabh published the artcileTransition metal-free one-pot cascade synthesis of 7-oxa-2-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0^2,6]trideca-1(9),10,12-trien-3-ones from biomass-derived levulinic acid under mild conditions, Recommanded Product: (2-Amino-5-iodophenyl)methanol, the publication is Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2013), 11(43), 7559-7565, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

An efficient, environmentally benign, transition-metal free, tandem C-N, C-O bond formation reaction is developed for the synthesis of tricyclic 7-oxa-2-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0^2,6]trideca-1(9),10,12-trien-3-ones and their homologs from easily available starting materials, including renewable levulinic acid, a keto acid. The reaction of keto acids with Me chloroformate and variously substituted o-aminobenzyl alcs. using triethylamine as a base in toluene at room temperature gave good to excellent yields. This newly developed protocol was successfully utilized for the synthesis of a variety of polycyclic 7-oxa-2-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0^2,6]trideca-1(9),10,12-trien-3-ones and related compounds

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry published new progress about 53279-83-7. 53279-83-7 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Iodide,Amine,Benzene,Alcohol, name is (2-Amino-5-iodophenyl)methanol, and the molecular formula is C7H8INO, Recommanded Product: (2-Amino-5-iodophenyl)methanol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Fialkov, Ya. A. published the artcilePhysicochemical investigation of the system iodine chloride-pyridine, Safety of Pyridine Iodochloride complex, the publication is Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii (1948), 1205-14, database is CAplus.

The elec. conductivity-concentration curves at both 35 and 50° showed maximum at about 8 mol.% pyridine. At 35° they rose from 4.82 × 10^-3 ohm^-1 for pure ICl to a maximum of 21.39 × 10^-3, and then dropped to 3.37 × 10^-3 ohm^-1 at 34.65 mol.% pyridine. Thermal analysis revealed 2 compounds in the system, having formulas C₅H₅N.ICl and C₅H₅N.2ICl and m.ps. of 128.50 and 35.10°, resp. There are 3 eutectics with concentrations (in mol.% pyridine) and temperatures, resp., of 20.73, -6.30°; 35.11, 23.60°; and 98.90, -50.20°. Electrolysis studies indicated that the following reactions occur: C₅H₅N + ICl = (C₅H₅-N.I)⁺ + Cl^–. During electrolysis the reactions at the electrodes are: 2 (C₅H₅N.I)⁺ + 2e = 2C₅H₅N + I₂, and 2Cl^– = Cl₂ + 2e.

Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii published new progress about 6443-90-9. 6443-90-9 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyridines, name is Pyridine Iodochloride complex, and the molecular formula is C5H5ClIN, Safety of Pyridine Iodochloride complex.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Ohmomo, Yoshiro published the artcileRadioiodinated N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-chloro-4-iodobenzamide: a new ligand for monoamine oxidase B studies with single photon emission computed tomography, Synthetic Route of 145343-76-6, the publication is Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1994), 42(4), 913-16, database is CAplus.

In developing monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B specific radioligands, N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-chloro-4-[¹²⁵I]iodobenzamide ([¹²⁵I]FIBA) was conveniently synthesized from its tributylstannyl precursor by an iodostannylation reaction using sodium [¹²⁵I]iodide and hydrogen peroxide with high radiochem. yield. The method should be applicable for labeling with ¹²⁵I, a suitable radioisotope for in vivo imaging with single photon emission computed tomog. (SPECT). In vitro binding studies using mouse brain mitochondrial preparations showed that the specific binding of [¹²⁵I]FIBA was saturable and of high affinity. Calculated values for K_D and B_max were 201 nM and 2.5 pmol/mg protein, resp. The [¹²⁵I]FIBA binding was effectively prevented by MAO-B specific inhibitors (l-deprenyl, Ro 16-6491, FIBA) or substrate (β-phenethylamine). However, MAO-A specific inhibitor (clorgyline) and substrate (serotonin) had no significant effect. After an i.v. injection into mice, [¹²⁵I]FIBA showed high brain uptake (1.64% dose/g at 15-30 min postinjection) and long retention (1.11% dose/g at 120 min postinjection) in the brain. Good brain-to-blood radioactivity ratios of 2.19 and 2.41 at 60 and 120 min after injection, resp., were obtained. The in vitro binding data and in vivo characteristics suggested that [¹²⁵I]FIBA is potentially useful as a probe for biol. studies including specific labeling of MAO-B in vivo as well as in vitro. Moreover, the ¹²³I-labeled counterpart, [¹²⁵I]FIBA, might be valuable for noninvasive imaging and mapping of MAO-B in the living brain with SPECT.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about 145343-76-6. 145343-76-6 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Iodide,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2-Chloro-4-iodobenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H4ClIO2, Synthetic Route of 145343-76-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Ohmomo, Yoshiro published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of iodinated benzamide derivatives as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, Related Products of iodides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1992), 40(7), 1789-92, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A new series of iodinated analogs of N-(2-aminoethyl)benzamide were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory potency and specificity toward monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B). Among them, N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-chloro-4-iodobenzamide hydrochloride (I) showed high inhibitory potency and selectivity against MAO-B. The type of MAO-B inhibition by I was noncompetitive and the inhibition constant (K_i) was 0.80 μM. Strong and selective in vivo MAO-B inhibition by I was also confirmed. The brain MAO-B inhibition by I was reversible and the enzyme activity completely returned to the control value 24h after administration. Compound I was, therefore, considered to be a candidate for advanced development as a radioiodinated ligand that may be useful for functional MAO-B studies in the living brain using single photon emission computer tomog.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about 145343-76-6. 145343-76-6 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Iodide,Carboxylic acid,Benzene, name is 2-Chloro-4-iodobenzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C7H4ClIO2, Related Products of iodides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com