Rizzo, M. Barbosa de Souza published the artcileOral squamous carcinoma cells promote macrophage polarization in an MIF-dependent manner, Application of 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine, the publication is QJM (2018), 111(11), 769-778, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important determinants of intratumoral immune evasion, neoangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and dysregulated tumor cell proliferation. Our prior studies revealed that macrophage-derived, but not tumor cell-derived, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), is an important determinant of TAM alternative activation and M2 polarization. Because MIF is historically thought to initiate signaling via a receptor-dependent, outside-in mode of action, we wished to investigate the specific contributions of tumor-derived vs. macrophage-derived MIF to M2 marker expression during macrophage polarization. Murine oral squamous cell-carcinoma cells (SCCVII) were co-cultured with either the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line or mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages in the context of MIF genetic loss/inhibition individually or in combination each cell type. Twelve well Transwell plates were used to co-culture SCCVII cells and RAW 264.7, MIF+/+ or MIF–/– macrophages treated with/without the small mol. MIF inhibitor, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine and incubated in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL-4) for 48 h. Macrophages were analyzed by quant. real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or immunoblotting for relative macrophage polarization marker expression. IL-4 treatment synergizes with SCCVII co-culture in inducing the expression of macrophage M2 markers and loss or inhibition of macrophage-derived MIF significantly reduces both IL-4 alone and IL-4/SCCVII co-culture-induced macrophage M2 marker expression. These studies identify an important and dominant requirement for macrophage MIF in maximal Th2-cytokine and oral squamous carcinoma cell-induced macrophage polarization and M2 marker expression.
QJM published new progress about 41270-96-6. 41270-96-6 belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Pyrimidine,Iodide,Benzene,Immunology/Inflammation,MIF, name is 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine, and the molecular formula is C10H7IN2, Application of 4-Iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodide,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com