In 2015,Zhang, Wei; Dourado, Daniel F. A. R.; Mannervik, Bengt published 《Evolution of the active site of human glutathione transferase A2-2 for enhanced activity with dietary isothiocyanates》.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects published the findings.Quality Control of 1,2-Diiodoethane The information in the text is summarized as follows:
Organic isothiocyanates (ITCs) are produced by plants, in which they are released from glucosinolates by myrosinase. ITCs are generally toxic and serve as a chem. defense against herbivorous insects and against infections by microorganisms. In mammalian tissues subtoxic concentrations of ITCs can provide protective effects against cancer and other diseases partially by induction of glutathione transferases (GSTs) and other detoxication enzymes. Thus, human consumption of edible plants rich in ITCs is presumed to provide health benefits. ITCs react with intracellular glutathione to form dithiocarbamates, catalyzed by GSTs. Formation of glutathione conjugates is central to the biotransformation of ITCs and leads to a route for their excretion. Clearly, the emergence of ITC conjugating activity in GSTs is essential from the biol. and evolutionary perspective. In the present investigation an active-site-focused mutant library of GST A2-2 has been screened for enzyme variants with enhanced ITC activity. Significantly superior activities were found in 34 of the approx. 2000 mutants analyzed, and the majority of the superior GSTs featured His and Gly residues in one of the three active-site positions subjected to mutagenesis. We explored the propensity of GSTs to obtain altered substrate selectivity and moreover, identified a specific pattern of mutagenesis in GST for enhanced PEITC detoxification, which may play an important role in the evolution of adaptive responses in organisms subjected to ITCs. The facile acquisition of enhanced ITC activity demonstrates that this important detoxication function can be promoted by numerous evolutionary trajectories in sequence space. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1,2-Diiodoethane(cas: 624-73-7Quality Control of 1,2-Diiodoethane)
1,2-Diiodoethane(cas: 624-73-7) is one of organic iodides. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond. Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the SimmonsSmith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Quality Control of 1,2-Diiodoethane
Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com