Month: March 2021

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 619-58-9, Name is 4-Iodobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Marival-Hodebar, L, once mentioned of 619-58-9, SDS of cas: 619-58-9.

A convenient access to 1,1-difluoroethyl triflate and iodide

1,1-Difluoroethyl triflate obtained from 1,1-difluoroethylene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is converted into its corresponding iodide by the action of iodide anion in diethyl ketone.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, molecular formula is C8H7IO2. In an article, author is Xu, F,once mentioned of 610-97-9, Computed Properties of C8H7IO2.

Catalysis of novel enzymatic iodide oxidation by fungal laccase

A fungal laccase (Myceliophthora thermophila) has been shown to function as an iodide oxidase. Unlike other halides which interact with the type 2 copper site and are inhibitors for the laccase, iodide interacts with the type 1 copper site and serves as a substrate capable of donating an electron to the laccase. Under anaerobic conditions, the interaction between the laccase and iodide results in the reduction of the laccase type 1 copper and the concomitant oxidation of iodide to form iodide. In aerated solutions, the laccase catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to iodine and the concomitant reduction of dioxygen to water. The reaction exhibits typical Michaelis kinetics with a Km of 0.16 +/- 0.02 M and a k(cat) of 2.7 +/- 0.2 turnovers per min at the optimal pH (3.4). The catalysis can be enhanced by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), which shuttles electrons rapidly between iodide and the laccase. Bilirubin oxidase also demonstrates significant iodide oxidase activity, suggesting that the property could be a common feature for copper-containing oxidases. Possible industrial and medicinal applications for a laccase-based iodine production system are discussed.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Recommanded Product: 60166-93-0, 60166-93-0, Name is Iopamidol, SMILES is O=C(C1=C(I)C(NC([C@@H](O)C)=O)=C(I)C(C(NC(CO)CO)=O)=C1I)NC(CO)CO, in an article , author is Smit, JWA, once mentioned of 60166-93-0.

Iodide kinetics and experimental I-131 therapy in a xenotransplanted human sodium-iodide symporter-transfected human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line

Uptake of iodide is a prerequisite for radioiodide therapy in thyroid cancer. However, loss of iodide uptake is frequently observed in metastasized thyroid cancer, which may be explained by diminished expression of the human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS). We studied whether transfection of hNIS into the hNIS-deficient follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC133 restores the in vivo iodide accumulation in xenografted tumors and their susceptibility to radioiodide therapy. In addition, the effects of low-iodide diets and thyroid ablation on iodide kinetics were investigated. Tumors were established in nude mice injected with the hNIS-transfected cell line FTC133-NIS30 and the empty vector transfected cell line FTC133-V4 as a control. Tumors derived from FTC133-NIS30 in mice on a normal diet revealed a high peak iodide accumulation (17.4% of administered activity, measured with an external probe) as compared with FTC133-V4 (4.6%). Halflife in FTC133-NIS30 tumors was 3.8 h. In mice kept on a low-iodide diet, peak activity in FTC133-NIS30 tumors was diminished (8.1%), whereas thyroid iodide accumulation was increased. In thyroid-ablated mice kept on a low-iodide diet, half-life of radioiodide was increased considerably (26.3 h), leading to a much higher area under the time-radioactivity curve than in FTC133-NIS30 tumors in mice on a normal diet without thyroid ablation. Experimental radioiodide therapy with 2 mCi (74 MBq) in thyroid-ablated nude mice, kept on a low-iodide diet, postponed tumor development (4 wk after therapy, one of seven animals revealed tumor vs. five of six animals without therapy). However, 9 wk after therapy, tumors had developed in four of the seven animals. The calculated tumor dose was 32.2 Gy. We conclude that hNIS transfection into a hNIS-defective thyroid carcinoma cell line restores the in vivo iodide accumulation. The unfavorable iodide kinetic characteristics (short half-life) can be partially improved by conventional conditioning with thyroid ablation and low-iodide diet, leading to postponed tumor development after radioiodide therapy. However, to achieve sufficient radioiodide tumor doses for therapy, further strategies are necessary, aiming at the mechanisms of iodide efflux in particular.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 60166-93-0, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 60166-93-0.

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 3058-39-7, Name is 4-Iodobenzonitrile, formurla is C7H4IN. In a document, author is Conti, Amalia, introducing its new discovery. Safety of 4-Iodobenzonitrile.

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, a persistent organic pollutant, inhibits iodide accumulation by thyroid follicular cells in vitro

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) reported to alter thyroid function. Iodide uptake by thyroid follicular cells, an early step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, is a potential target for thyroid disruption by EDCs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctane carboxylic acid (PFOA), two of the most abundant PFAS in the environment, on iodide transport by thyroid follicular cells in vitro. Dynamic changes in intracellular iodide concentration were monitored by live cell imaging using YFP-H148Q/I152, a genetically encoded fluorescent iodide biosensor. PFOS, but not PFOA, acutely and reversibly inhibited iodide accumulation by FRTL-5 thyrocytes, as well as by HEK-293 cells transiently expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). PFOS prevented NIS-mediated iodide uptake and reduced intracellular iodide concentration in iodide-containing cells, mimicking the effect of the NIS inhibitor perchlorate. PFOS did not affect iodide efflux from thyroid cells. The results of this study suggest that disruption of iodide homeostasis in thyroid cells may be a potential mechanism for anti-thyroid health effects of PFOS. The study also confirms the utility of the YFP-H148Q/I152 cell-based assay to screen environmental PFAS, and other EDCs, for anti-thyroid activity.

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Reference of 88-67-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 88-67-5, Name is 2-Iodobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Kar, Chirantan, introduce new discover of the category.

Benzimidazole functionalized tripodal receptor for selective recognition of iodide

A novel tripodal fluorescent receptor with benzimidazole motifs as signaling unit is reported. The receptor can selectively bind iodide anion with drastic change in its fluorescence and UV/Vis spectra, while addition of other anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, H2PO4-, SO42-, CH3COO-, NO3- and CN-) does not show any significant change. The formation of receptor-iodide hydrogen bonded complex is proved by NMR titration of the receptor in the presence of iodide anion. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reference of 88-67-5, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 88-67-5.

Related Products of 610-97-9, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, SMILES is O=C(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Haltner-Ukomadu, Eleonore, introduce new discover of the category.

In Vitro Bioavailability Study of an Antiviral Compound Enisamium Iodide

An investigation into the biopharmaceutics classification and a study of the in vitro bioavailability (permeability and solubility) of the antiviral compound enisamium iodide (4-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide) were carried out. The solubility of enisamium iodide was determined in four different buffers. Apparent intestinal permeability (P-app) of enisamium iodide was assessed using human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells at three concentrations. The solubility of enisamium iodide in four buffer solutions from pH 1.2 to 7.5 is about 60 mg/mL at 25 degrees C, and ranges from 130 to 150 mg/mL at 37 degrees C, depending on the pH. Based on these results, enisamium iodide can be classified as highly soluble. Enisamium iodide demonstrated low permeability in Caco-2 experiments in all tested concentrations of 10-100 mu M with permeability coefficients between 0.2 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) and 0.3 x 10(-6) cm s(-1). These results indicate that enisamium iodide belongs to class III of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) due to its high solubility and low permeability. The bioavailability of enisamium iodide needs to be confirmed in animal and human studies.

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Application of 455-13-0, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 455-13-0, Name is 4-Iodobenzotrifluoride, SMILES is C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC(=C1)I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Fang, Xiang, introduce new discover of the category.

AIBN-initiated radical addition of gem-difluorinated alkyl iodides to alkynes and the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction of E-phenyl difluoromethylene vinylic iodides with terminal alkynes

The addition of gem-difluorinated alkyl iodides to alkynes initiated by AIBN neatly gave the corresponding difluoromethylene vinyl iodides among which the stereoselectivity of aromatic acetylenes was high. The further coupling reaction of E-phenyl difluoromethylene vinyl iodides with terminal alkynes in the presence of catalytic palladium afforded the substituted difluorinated enynes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of 455-13-0, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 455-13-0 is helpful to your research.

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Recommanded Product: 2-Iodoacetamide, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.144-48-9, Name is 2-Iodoacetamide, SMILES is NC(=O)CI, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is HOH, YC, introduce the new discover.

DIFFUSION OF IODIDE IN COMPACTED CLAYS

Flow through diffusion method was used to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and the appropriate parameters for modeling iodide ion diffused through the compacted clay materials of kaolinite and bentonite which were supplied locally and from USA. The effects of clay structural characteristics on diffusion, the mechanism of iodide ion diffusion through the compacted bentonite were studied. The effective diffusivity for kaolinite decreases with increasing bulk density and concentration of the diffusion species (I-). The iodide ion was strongly repelled from the bentonite particle surface, the predominant diffusion path is in the interstitial water. The relationship between the iodide flux (J) and the formation factor (F) for the diffusion of iodide ion through the compacted clays can be described by the following empirical equation: log(J-1) = A + BF, where A and B were constants. The inverse of iodide diffusion flux decreases with increasing formation factor. The types of clay and their structures have a significant effect on the diffusion of iodide ion through compacted clays.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 144-48-9. Recommanded Product: 2-Iodoacetamide.

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2043-57-4, Name is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Tridecafluoro-8-iodooctane, formurla is C8H4F13I. In a document, author is Fisher, Jeffrey W., introducing its new discovery. COA of Formula: C8H4F13I.

Evaluation of Iodide Deficiency in the Lactating Rat and Pup Using a Biologically Based Dose-Response Model

A biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model for the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis in the lactating rat and nursing pup was developed to describe the perturbations caused by iodide deficiency on the HPT axis. Model calibrations, carried out by adjusting key model parameters, were used as a technique to evaluate HPT axis adaptations to dietary iodide intake in euthyroid (4.139 g iodide/day) and iodide-deficient (0.31 and 1.2 g iodide/day) conditions. Iodide-deficient conditions in both the dam and the pup were described with increased blood flow to the thyroid gland, TSH-mediated increase in thyroidal uptake of iodide and binding of iodide in the thyroid gland (organification), and, in general, reduced thyroid hormone production and metabolism. Alterations in thyroxine (T4) homeostasis were more apparent than for triiodothyronine (T3). Model-predicted average daily area-under-the-serum-concentration-curve (nM-day) values for T4 at steady state in the dam and pup decreased by 1415% for the 1.2 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet and 4252% for the 0.31 g iodide/day iodide-deficient diet. In rat pups that were iodide deficient during gestation and lactation, these decreases in serum T4 levels were associated with declines in thyroid hormone in the fetal brain and a suppression of synaptic responses in the hippocampal region of the brain of the adult offspring (Gilbert et al., 2013).

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 2043-57-4 help many people in the next few years. COA of Formula: C8H4F13I.

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 76801-93-9, Name is 5-Amino-N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide, SMILES is O=C(NCC(O)CO)C1=C(I)C(N)=C(I)C(C(NCC(O)CO)=O)=C1I, in an article , author is YONEYAMA, Y, once mentioned of 76801-93-9, Quality Control of 5-Amino-N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide.

ACTIVE SPECIES IN ZN-BUTYL IODIDE SYSTEM FOR COAL SOLUBILIZATION

Yubari coal treated with supernatant solution formed from a reaction of Bu2Zn and ZnI2 in the presence of butyl iodide shows 97 wt% of solubility in benzene, which is comparable with that obtained from one treated in a zinc-butyl iodide system. This result suggests that dibutylzinc, butylzinc iodide, and butyl iodide are indispensable species in the zinc-butyl iodide system for coal solubilization.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 76801-93-9, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of 5-Amino-N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide.